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Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
Exam 2
26
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
10/04/2016

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Cards

Term
What are the common sources of ethylene glycol poisoniing?
Definition
-automotive antifreeze
-heat exchenage equipment
-industrial solvents
-windshield cleaning solutions
-color film processing solutions
Term
What is the seasonality of ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-winter months
Term
Describe the species susceptibility of ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-cat
Term
What is the prognosis of ethylene glycol poisoning? Case fataliyt rate?
Definition
-grave prgnosis
-Dog: 44-70%
-Cat: 78-96%
Term
How long does it take for ethylene glycol to be absorbed?
Definition
-1-4 hours
Term
How long does it take ethylene glycol to be metabolized?
Definition
-16-24 hours
Term
Is ethylene glycol the direct issue in a poisoning case?
Definition
-no, it is the metabolytes that are the problem
Term
What is the enzyme that sets of the cascade of catastrophe with ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-alcohol dehydrogenase
Term
Why does it matter what the major enzyme is with ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-it is the basis of our treatment
-give them alcohol to competitively inhibit the enzyme
Term
What are the stages of ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-Stage I: 30 min-12 hr poist ingestion
-Stage II: 12-24 hours post ingestion
-Stage III: 24-72 hrs post ingestion
Term
What are the clinical signs of stage I ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-alcohol intoxication
Term
What are the clinical signs of stage II ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-tachypnea/tachycardia
Term
What are the clinical signs of stage III ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-anuric renal failure
Term
How do we clinicall diagnose ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-history
-intuition
-exam: Wood's lamp
-commercially available EGT kit
-clinical pathology data
Term
What is an EGT kit?
Definition
-blood, plasma, serum
-false positive test: slug bait, activated charcoal
-for ethylene glycol poisoning
Term
What are EGT test strips?
Definition
-plasma only
-false positive test if ethanol was already used as treatment
Term
What does it mean if the EGT test is positive? What if it is negative?
Definition
-Positive = got into it within the last 24 hrs
-Negative = got into it over 24 hrs ago
Term
What is the clin path data that diagnoses ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-inc anion gap
-crystalluria: calcium oxalate monohydrates
Term
What do calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals look like?
Definition
-long tic tacs
Term
When do we see picket fence crystals?
Definition
-1-3 days after ingestion
Term
How do we treat ethylene glycol poisoning?0
Definition
-control absorption
-control metabolism
-control acidosis
-potential dialysis for concurrent renal failure
Term
If ingested under 4 hours, how do we treat ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-induce vomiting
-activated charcoal
Term
How do we treat if we treat ethylene glycol poisoning at 16-24 hours?
Definition
-ethanol with sterile saline
-Everclear: 1 in 5
-fomepizole
Term
What are the pros and cons of ethanol as a treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning?
Definition
-Pro: cheap
-Con: your patient is intoxicated, admin intervals
Term
What are the pros and cons of treating ethanylene glycol poisoning with antizol?
Definition
-Pro: avoid alcohol CNS depression
-Con: expensiv
Term
HOw do we control renal failure with ethylene glycol pisoning?
Definition
-treat acidosis
-dialysis
-fluids: but be careful b/c cannot urinate
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