Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ethical Issues Using Animals (AS 120)
Midterm
121
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
04/10/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
the _____ Administration regulates stockyards regarding the treatment of animals
Definition
Packers and Stockyard
Term
Federal law imposes a(n) _____ hour transportation limit on cattle
Definition
48 by truck; 32-“stress stop”; 28 other than truck
Term
Most stunning of animals to be slaughtered in the US is done with a(n) _____
Definition
Captive bolt gun
Term
List four areas where animal agriculture needs to improve its practices
Definition
1) Handling of non-ambulatory animals
2) Processing of live animals
3) Transporting of livestock
4) Addressing the psychological well-being of confinement
Term
_____ animals are animals not able to stand due to calving problems, broken bones, or paralysis
Definition
Downer
Term
AAEP stands for the _____
Definition
American Association of Equine Practitioners
Term
Today's modern day pork carcass contains _____% fat
Definition
15
Term
at the federal level, the _____ monitors the processes of food production to assure safe food supply
Definition
Food Safety Inspection Service
Term
NOEL stands for _____
Definition
No Observed Effect Level
Term
ADI stands for _____
Definition
Acceptable Daily Intake
Term
the _____ is a federal agency that sets specific regulations on the amount of residues of hormones and other additives that may be left in meat
Definition
Food Safety Inspection Service
Term
an ADI equals _____ of a NOEL
Definition
1/100 (one-hundredth)
Term
which of the following items has the largest amount of carcinogens?
a) A cup of coffee
b) A three-ounce serving of beef
c) A cup of cola
d) A slice of bread
Definition
A glass of cola
Term
the difference in the level of hormones in a 3-ounce serving of beef from an implanted steer versus a non-implanted steer is approx equal to:
Definition
a) One blade of grass in 1.3 football fields
b).0007 of a millionth of a gram
Term
comparing 3-ounce servings, which of the following foods has a higher level of the estrogen hormone than the average 3-oz serving of beef (1.2-1.9 nanograms)?
a) Milk
b) Potatoes
c) Ice cream
d) Cabbage
e) Soybean oil
Definition
all of them
Term
the _____, passed by Congress in 1958, stated that no carcinogens shall be added to the supply of food
Definition
Delaney Clause
Term
_____ are vegetarians who do not eat or use any animal products
Definition
Vegan
Term
_____ are vegetarians who eat animal products from milk and eggs but no meat
Definition
Ovo-lacto
Term
_____% of the voting public in the US has not direct connection to animal agriculture
Definition
98
Term
_____ is a word that animal activists use to describe the philosophy that humans are superior to animals (and thus we compare the term to racism)
Definition
Speciesism
Term
a(n) _____ animal is one whose genetic makeup has been modified by the addition or removal of a specific DNA sequence
Definition
Transgenic/genetically engineered
Term
List the four biological rights of an animal:
Definition
1) The ability to find food to sustain energy requirements
2) Conserving an adequate amount of water
3) Finding or creating shelter from the elements and predators
4) The opportunity to reproduce list the four biological rights of an animal
Term
the _____ legalized the sale of bodies for dissection in England, in an attempt to end the practice of stealing bodies from cemeteries
Definition
Warburton Anatomy Act
Term
_____ animals are used in research and testing each year in the US (quantity)
Definition
17-23 million
Term
_____ % of these animals are rats, mice, and other rodents
Definition
95
Term
_____ is responsible for almost half of the deaths in pets older than ten
Definition
Cancer
Term
_____% of physicians in the US support the use of animals in research
Definition
97
Term
one physician-based animal rights group that does not support the use of animals in research; purported to represent physicians in favor of animal rights
Definition
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM)
Term
in a 1989 Gallup survey, _____% of Americans believed the use of animals in research was necessary and should continue
Definition
77
Term
_____ is the US Army neurosurgeon who researched head injuries in cats
Definition
Dr. Michael Carey
Term
GAO stands for _____
Definition
General Accounting Office
Term
the Pennsylvania Head Injury researchers were trying to mimic which type of common human injury?
Definition
Whiplash (in auto accidents)
Term
which type of animals were used in this research trial?
Definition
Baboons
Term
the Humane Farming Initiative (HFI) was a state referendum in _____
Definition
Massachusetts
Term
_____ is a loss of the sensory nerve fibers from a portion of the body
Definition
Deafferentation
Term
who enforces the AWA?
Definition
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Term
when the AWA first became law, which animals were its main concern?
Definition
Cats and dogs
Term
APHIS stands for _____
Definition
Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service
Term
_____ is the unit of APHIS that directly monitors animal care facilities through unannounced visits for compliance with the regulations
Definition
Regulatory Enforcement of Animal Care (REAC)
Term
which animals are excluded in the AWA?
Definition
Birds, rats, mice
Term
according to the USDA which one of the following is not a domestic farm animal? (cow, sheep, goat, pig, horse, llama or water buffalo)
Definition
Water buffalo
Term
who determines the frequency, method, and duration of exercise required for dogs in research facilities, for dealer, and for exhibitors?
Definition
Attending vet
Term
when shipping dogs and cats, food and water instructions must be attached to each _____
Definition
Primary Enclosure (PE)
Term
when shipping dogs and cats, water must be given at least every _____ hours
Definition
12
Term
when transporting animals, the accompanying person must check on the animals at least every _____ hours to ensure proper air, temp, etc.
Definition
4
Term
which 3 documents should farm animal facilities be familiar with in order to stay in compliance with standards for Ag production, and thus partially qualify for accreditation?
Definition
AWA, NIH guide, Ag Guide
Term
_____is the major US government agency funding lab animal research
Definition
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Term
is the branch of the NIH responsible for the monitoring of compliance to standards of humane treatment of research animals
Definition
Office of Lab Animal Welfare (OLAW)
Term
1/4 of the animals under _____ grants involve field studies of free living wild animals
Definition
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Term
in California, the regulation of research facilities falls under _____
Definition
Department of Health
Term
in 1959, _____, written by Russell and Burch, described a method of minimizing unnecessary suffering and use of animals in laboratories
Definition
Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (PHET)
Term
means (whole-animal) research
Definition
In vivo
Term
CAAT is located at which institution?
Definition
Johns Hopkins
Term
_____ was the year the AWA was initially passed by Congress
Definition
1966
Term
in 1985, the US Congress passed two laws that required facilities conducting biomedical research on animals to establish IACUCs. These laws were:
Definition
HREA (Health Research Extension Act)
ISLA (Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals)- amendment to AWA
Term
IACUC stands for _____
Definition
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Term
NAM stands for _____
Definition
Non-affiliated member
Term
_____ has the obligation to review all research projects proposed for PHS support prior to their receiving funding
Definition
IACUC
Term
_____ must prepare reports of animal facility inspections and submit them to the institutional official
Definition
IACUC’s
Term
institutions using only rats and mice in research and/or teaching, while receiving federal funds, must have a _____ associated with their animal care and use program
Definition
Veterinarian
Term
a _____ is the spokesperson for the animals being used in any research facility
Definition
Veterinarian
Term
in most institutions, the _____ is responsible for the training and instruction to institutional personnel on humane methods of animal maintenance and experimentation
Definition
Vet & staff
Term
humane methods of animal maintenance and experimentation would include the following:
Definition
a) Basic needs of each species of animals
b) Proper handling and care for the various species of animals used by the facility
c) Proper pre and post-procedural care of animals
d) Aseptic surgical methods and procedures
Term
2 commonly used sources for researchers to obtain info on appropriate methods of animal care and use, alternatives to the use of live animals in research, and unnecessary duplication of research would include the following
Definition
National Agriculture Library
National Library of Medicine
Term
the _____ was prepared specifically toward farm animal research activities with special consideration given to current practices and issues in commercial agriculture
Definition
Ag Guide
Term
P.I. stands for _____ on any research project
Definition
Principle investigator
Term
_____ refers to substitution, either wholly or in part, of the animal model with a non-animal model
Definition
Replacement
Term
is a non-animal test used to test for carcinogenicity - but is made from mouse liver cells
Definition
Ames
Term
_____ _____ are 2 methods used to reduce the numbers of animals used in experiments without compromising results and statistical integrity
Definition
Reduction
Replacement
Term
list the 3 R's
Definition
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
Term
_____ is an experiment done within a whole living organism
Definition
In vivo
Term
_____ is an experiment done in an artificial environment outside the living organism
Definition
In vitro
Term
the minimum number of members on an IACUC
Definition
5
Term
the IACUC must have at least one member who is a licensed _____
Definition
Veterinarian
Term
the IACUC must have at least _____ member who has/had no other affiliation with the research institution besides membership in the IACUC
Definition
1
Term
it is federally mandated that the IACUC must review, at least every _____, the research facility's program using USDA regulations and the Guide as its basis
Definition
6 months
Term
the IACUC must inspect, at least once every _____, all of the animal facilities, including animal study areas
Definition
6 months
Term
the _____ is the animal's representative (spokesperson) on the IACUC
Definition
Veterinarian
Term
animals have been used in experiments for more than _____ years
Definition
2300
Term
_____used animals in experiments, helping him to create the sciences of zoology and comparative anatomy
Definition
Aristotle
Term
_____ used animal experimentation to demonstrate that veins carried blood. (Founder of experimental physiology)
Definition
Galen
Term
the first known blood transfusions by Dr. Lower in 1665 were performed on _____.
Definition
Dog
Term
_____ was the first law in the modern-day world to protect farm animals from cruel treatment (in 1641)
Definition
Body of Liberty
Term
_____ is the largest American animal rights organization - boasting a $40 million a year budget (78.5 million budget)
Definition
HSUS (Humane Society United States)
Term
the number of animal shelters supported by this organization in the US
Definition
0
Term
number of companion animals taken in by American animal shelters annually
Definition
15 million
Term
number of companion animals euthanized annually in the US
Definition
11-13 million
Term
is the legislation that included the humane handling of animals prior to and during slaughter.
Definition
Humane Slaughter Act
Term
what year was the American Animal Transportation Act passed?
Definition
1906
Term
Define Soring.
Definition
the application of any chemical or mechanical agent on any limb of a horse, or any practice inflicted upon the horse, that can be expected to cause it physical pain or distress when moving; aimed at producing an exaggerated gait similarly obtained by conventional training
Term
the _____ prohibits the showing, sale, auction, exhibition or transport of sored horses
Definition
HPA (Horse Protection Act)
Term
what is a DQP?
Definition
Designated Qualified Person
Term
the _____ makes it a felony and imposes a fine of up to $10,000 and a jail sentence of up to a year for individuals who cause damage during an attack on an animal enterprise
Definition
Animal Enterprise Protection Act (AEPA)
Term
_____ requires animal shelters to hold and care for dogs and cats for at least five days before providing them to a dealer
Definition
Federal Register (amend. AWA)
Term
the _____ was the first legislation in the world to regulate the use of animals in research
Definition
Cruelty to Animals Act
Term
_____ is the view that a person should pursue his or her own self-interests, even at the expense of others
Definition
Egoism
Term
_____is the philosophy where an action is determined to be morally right and outweighs any harm it may cause
Definition
Utilitarianism
Term
_____ philosophies embrace the idea that people are equal to other life forms
Definition
Eastern
Term
_____ philosophies teach that man dominates God's creations
Definition
Western
Term
Cows are considered the most sacred of all animals in the _____ religion
Definition
Hindu
Term
_____ is a doctrine of non-violence or non-killing
Definition
Ahimsa
Term
all but _____ are forbidden food items according to kosher laws; birds of prey, insects, pork, hunted deer, hunted cattle, shark, lobster, turkey and horses
Definition
Turkey
Term
the _____ religion forbids the eating of all meat and animal products
Definition
Jains
Term
Maitri
Definition
the spirit of _____ in Buddhism means the friendliness toward all living things
Term
a doctrine of non-violence or non-killing, means without injury and comes from Hindu and Buddhist philosophies
Definition
Ahimsa
Term
_____ meat cannot include birds of prey, shellfish, or hunted animals
Definition
Kosher
Term
_____ is the country where the "Jump of the Goat Fiesta" takes place
Definition
Spain
Term
What do the letters PETA stand for?
Definition
People For The Ethical Treatment of Animals
Term
_____ is the humane killing of an animal accomplished by a method which produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death, without evidence of pain or distress
Definition
Euthanasia
Term
_____ is the concept of ascribing human traits to animals
Definition
Anthropomorphism
Term
_____ is the philosophy in which the individual believes using animals for the betterment of people is acceptable, as long as the animal is treated with compassion
Definition
Utilitarianism (?)/ Animal Welfare
Term
_____ means one's place or relative position, or one's rank in the community
Definition
Standing
Term
_____ are people who believe that individuals can do whatever they want to animals, and that humans are the only species with any rights
Definition
Dominionist
Term
_____ is the movement that believes a reduction in and a minimal # of animals should be used in research, and those that are used should be treated as humanely as possible. The concept implies that humankind has dominion over animals, & responsibility for animal well-being.
Definition
Animal welfare
Term
_____ is the movement that insists that animals have moral rights equal to those of humans. This concept is totally opposed to biomedical research using animals, sporting events using animals, using animals for clothing, entertainment, and product testing, and eating animals
Definition
Animal rights
Term
the _____ sets standards including provisions for housing, feeding, watering, sanitation, ventilation, the use of anesthesia for painful procedures, and the availability of veterinary medical and post-operative care at the federal level
Definition
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
Term
the _____ of 1985 requires the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to create guidelines for animal use and to develop a research plan for alternatives to the use of animals
Definition
HREA (Health Research Extension Act)
Term
_____ is the study of behavior of animals
Definition
Ethology
Term
_____ means cutting into a live animal (originally meant "without anesthesia" because it had not been developed yet)
Definition
Vivisection
Term
_____ is the percentage of rats and mice that are used in research
Definition
90-95
Term
_____% of non-human primates are used in research
Definition
0.5
Supporting users have an ad free experience!