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Essentials of Sociology Chapter 15
Social Change and the Environment
33
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2010

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Term
Social Change
Definition
Shift in the characteristics of culture and society.
Term
Four Social Revolutions
Definition
1.Hunting - Farming
2.Agriculture
3.Industrial
4.Microchip
Term
Modernization
Definition
Sweeping change caused by the Industrial Revolution.
Term
Theories
Definition
Cultural Evolution
Term
Unilinear
Definition
Assumes that all societies follow the same path: From simple to complex.
Term
MultiLinear
Definition
Propose that different route had to the same stage of development.
Term
Cyclical
Definition
Civilization are like organisms. Birth, youth, maturity, death.
Term
Dialectical Process
Definition
Each groups destroys itself.
Term
Ogburn's Theory
Definition
Social change theory (by technology)
Term
Invention
Definition
combining to form new materials.
Term
Discovery
Definition
A new way of seeing reality.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The spread of an invention of discovery.
Term
Cultural Lag
Definition
Symbolic cultural lagging behind changes in technology.
Term
Post modern societies
Definition
Post industrial Societies.
Term
Computers
Definition
Impact of Technology.
Term
Social Movements
Definition
Large number of people who organize to promote or resist social change.
Term
Proactive Social Movement
Definition
Promote social change.
Term
Reactive Social Movement
Definition
React to resist change.
Term
Social Movement Organizations
Definition
Specific good to change.
Term
Alternative Social Movements
Definition
Seek to alter some specific behavior.
Term
Redemptive Social Movement
Definition
Goal is total change.
Term
Reformative Social Movements
Definition
Reform society.
Term
Transformative Social Movement
Definition
Seek to transform the entire social order.
Term
Transnational Social Movements
Definition
Seek to change conditinos throughout the world.
Term
Metaformative Social Movements
Definition
Change an entire civilization. Entire world.
Term
Public Opinion
Definition
How people think about an issue.
Term
Propaganda
Definition
Information that is one-sized and it distorts reality.
Term
5 Stages of Social Movement
Definition
1.Unrest and agitation.
2.Resource Mobilization - Get time, money, information, people skills and media attention.
3.Organization - Division of Labor.
4.Institutionalization - formal hierarchy/Bureaucracy.
5.Decline and possible resurgence.
Term
Sustainable Environment
Definition
A world system in which we use our physical environment to meet our needs without destroying humanities future.
Term
3 Environmental Problems
Definition
1.Acid Rain - Fossil fuels into the air.
2.Greenhouse Effect - no heat release.
3.Global Warming - Melting glaciers.
Term
Environmental Injustice
Definition
Minorities and the poor suffering from pollution.
Term
Environmental Sociology
Definition
Study the relationship between human and the environment.
Term
Eco-sabotage
Definition
Action taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are legally harming the environment.
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