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ES 2010 Exam 2
Chapters 4,5,6
38
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
03/22/2009

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Term
Steady state is reached with in....
Definition
1-4 minutes
Term
Oxygen deficit
Definition
-lag in O2 uptake at beginning of exercise
-suggests anaerobic pathways contribute to total ATP production
Term
Oxygen Debt
Definition
elevated VO2 for several minutes following exercise.
Also known as Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
Term
What happens during Fast portion of O2 debt?
Definition
-re-synthesis of stored PC
-replacing muscle and blood O2 stores
Term
What happens during slow portion of O2 debt?
Definition
-elevated body temperature and catecholamines
-conversion of lactic acid to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Term
What happens during slow portion of O2 debt?
Definition
-elevated body temperature and catecholamines
-conversion of lactic acid to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Term
ATP-PC system is for exercise how long?
Definition
2-20 seconds
Term
High intensity exercise longer that 45 seconds uses what metabolic pathways?
Definition
ATP-PC, glycolysis, and aerobic systems
Term
two physiological factors taht influence VO2 max:
Definition
1) "Presentation" - ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver O2 to muscles

2) "Utilization" ability of muscles to take up the oxygen and produce ATP aerobically
Term
lactate threshold:
Definition
The point at which blood lactic cid suddently rises during incremental exercise aka anaerobic threshold.
practices in prediction of performance and marker of exercise intensity
Term
mechanisms for lactate threshold
Definition
-recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers
-reduced rate of lactate remeoval from the blood
-accelerated glycolysis
-low muscle oxygen
Term
Cori Cycle.
Definition
Converts Lactate into glucose gluconeogensis
Term
RER or R
Definition
Respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2)
-indicates fuel utilization (non protein) [0.7 = 100% fat] {0.85 = 50% fat, 50% CHO}
Term
During steady state exercise VCO2 and VO2 are reflective of...
Definition
O2 consumption and CO2 production at teh cellular level
Term
Crossover conceept
Definition
Describes shift from fat to CHO metabolism as exercise intensity increases. This is due to recruitment of fast muscle fibers and increasing blood levels of epinephrine.
Term
during prolong exercise the fuel source shifts from what to what?
Definition
CHO metabolism toward fat metabolism
Term
Increased rate of lipolysis
Definition
-breakdown of trglycerides into glycerol and FFA
-Stimulated by rising blood levels of epinephrine
Term
Glycogen is depleted during prolonged high-intensity exercise....this means
Definition
reduced rate of glycolysis and production of pyruvate
-reduced krebs cycle intermediates
-reduced fat oxidation
-fats are metabolized by krebs cycle
Term
the magnitude of the hormone-receptor interaction effect is dependent on...
Definition
-concentration of the hormone
-number of receptors on teh cell
-affinity of the receptor for the hormone
Term
Blood hormone concentration is determined by...
Definition
-rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland
0rate of metabolism or excretion of hormone
-quantity of transport protein
-changes in plasma volume
Term
Hormones bring about effects by
Definition
-altering membrane transport
0stimulatin DNA to increase protein synthesis
-Activating second messengers
Term
Examples of second messengers
Definition
-cyclic AMP
-Ca++
-inositol triphosphate
-diacylglycerol
Term
When starting from rest, how long does the body generally take to reach a metabolic steady state for sub-maximal exercise (eg., walking 3 mph)?
Definition
1-3 minutes
Term
The lag in oxygen consumption at the start of exercise is called
Definition
oxygen deficit
Term
the excess oxygen following exercise is called
Definition
oxygen debt
Term
the plateau in oxygen consumption during exercise of a constant workload is called
Definition
steady state
Term
during oxygen deficit the atp need is met through which metabolic pathway?
Definition
anaerobic
Term
even when the exercise workload is constant (eg., 3 mph walk), why might the oxygen cost (the energy cost) of exercise increase?
Definition
the subject is exercising in a hot/humid climate
Term
___________ is the process of sending chemical signals to distant cells
Definition
endocrine
Term
exerting a hormonal effect throug "mass action" involves which of the following?
Definition
-hormone size
-blood plasma hormone concentration
-affinity b/t hormone-receptor
Term
true or false: a hormone is a chemical substance that is synthesized and released into the blood for a target organ elsewhere in the body
Definition
true
Term
a fight or flight situation results in a stereotypical hormone response. This hormone response is intended to impact energy metabolism in what way?
Definition
store energy for use almost immediately
Term
(true or false) the magnitude of stimulator and inhibitory input has little influence on hormone secretion.
Definition
false!
Term
(True of false)hormones can have differential effects on different tissues b/c of variations in hormone receptor type and number
Definition
true
Term
once a hormone finds the targe tissue/cell and binds w/ a receptor on the cell surface, hormonal effects are exereted by what?
Definition
-altering membrane transport
-direct stimulation of DNA synthesis in the nucleus
-activation of 2nd messsengers w/in the cell
Term
(True or False) A given hormone (eg. epinephrine) can have different effects on different cell/tissues types
Definition
true
Term
What hormone is released as part of hte "fight or flight" response?
Definition
epinephrine, norepinephrine
Term
the biological prerogative of hte body is to maintain ______ glucose levels at all times.
Definition
blood
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