Term
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Definition
Symport
In: 2 Na, 1 glu
Electrogenic, +1
Inhibitors: phlorizin
Notes: Can transport glu without Na, process is slow, flip-flop, involved in glu absorption in kidneys/intestines, implicated in glucose galactose malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
Symport
In: 1 Na, 1 glu
Electrogenic, +2
Inhibitors: phlorizin
Notes: Can transport Na slowly by itself, flip-flop, involved in glu absorption only in kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
Symport
In: 1 Na, 1 K, 2 Cl
Not electrogenic
Inhibitors: furosemide, bumetanide
Notes: Involved in saliva production. Critical renal physiology for retaining solutes. Targeted in therapies meant to reduce blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
Symport
Out: 1 Na, 3 HCO3
Electrogenic, +2
Inhibitors: Stilbenes: SITS and DIDS
Notes: Important for bicarbonate reabsorption in kidney, bicarbonate excretion in choroid plexus. |
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Term
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Definition
Antiport
In: 3 Na
Out: 1 Ca
Electrogenic, +1
Inhibitors: La3+
Notes: Helps keep intracellular Ca low. |
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Term
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Definition
Antiport
In: 1 Na
Out: 1 H
Not electrogenic
Inhibitors: amiloride
Notes: Different subtypes (NHE1, which is a housekeeping transporter that keeps pH stable in cells; NHE3, which is important in certain epithelia in kidney). |
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Term
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Definition
Antiport
In: 1 Cl
Out: 1 HCO3
Not electrogenic
Inhibitors: Stilbenes
Notes: Used either in the blood to facilitate carrying CO2 or by other cells to reduce intracellular chloride. |
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Term
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Definition
P-type pump
In: 2 K
Out: 3 Na
Electrogenic, -1
Inhibitors: Ouabain, vanadate
Notes: Ubiquitous, always active pump designed to help set resting membrane potential and ion gradient usually on the apical side if the cell continuously secretes. P-type mechanism: E1/E2 aka "ping pong". |
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Term
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Definition
P-type pump
In: 2 K
Out: 2 H
Not electrogenic
Inhibitors: Omeprazole, vanadate
Notes: Most important in acid secreting parietal cells of stomach oxyntic gland. Found in tubulovesicles in resting cells and are thus not always active. P-type mechanism. |
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Term
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Definition
P-type pump
Out: 2 Ca
Electrogenic, +4 (for SERCA)
Inhibitors: Thapsigargin (SERCA), vanadate (both), La3+ (PMCA)
Notes: SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase) sequesters Ca in SR. PMCA (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase) reduces intracellular calcium levels. P-type mechanism |
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