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Environmental Skin Diseases
VM 610 Midterm
33
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/12/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Feline Solar Dermatitis
Definition
Actinic damage to skin from UV light
Non-pigmented sparsely hair regions affected
Classic example is ear tips of white cats
Term
Feline Solar Dermatitis Lesions
Definition
erythem
alopecia
ulcers
crusts
may progress to squamous cell carcinoma
Term
Feline Solar Dermatitis Treatment
Definition
keep out of sun
sunscreens
amputate ear tips when progresses to ulcerated form
carotenoids - help absorb active rays but difficult to medicate
Term
Fatty Acid Deficiencies
Definition
rare but can occur if foods stored too long resulting in oxidation of fatty acids
or malabsorption/maldigestion
arachidonic acid deficiency causes PGE2 deficiency which increases cAMP and DNA synthesis
this cause epidermal hyperplasia and scaling
Term
Fatty Acid Deficiencies Treatment
Definition
correct diet
may add fatty acid supplement
if animal needs to be on low fat diet, can use topical fatty acids
Term
Protein Deficiencies
Definition
rare
may occur if cats are fed dog food diets or dogs with low protein diets
hair is 95% protein
average dogs grows 100 feet of hair/day
skin and hair uses 25-30% of dietary protein needs
Term
Zinc Deficiency Syndromes
Definition
lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers
Syndrome I and Syndrome II
Term
Zinc Deficiency Syndrome I
Definition
Siberian huskies, Alaskan malamutes, bull terriers
erythema, alopecia, crusting of mouth, shin, eyes, ears, dull hair coat, hyperkeratotic pads
Term
Zinc Deficiency Syndrome II
Definition
rapidly growing puppies
diets high in calcium or phytates
hyperkeratotic footpads, crusts, infections
Term
Zinc Deficiency Diagnosis
Definition
serum zinc levels
biopsy shows hyperkeratosis
response to tx
Term
Zinc Deficiency Treatment
Definition
zinc sulfate
zinc methionine
good diet and avoid excess calcium
essential fatty acids
Term
Psychocutaneous Dermatoses
Definition
self induced skin lesions
underlying behavioral problem due to anxiety, OCD, boredom, attention-seeking
Term
Obsession
Definition
persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced s intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety
Term
Compulsions
Definition
repetitive behaviors engaged in for a significant amount of time
Term
Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Signs
Definition
excessive, repetitive motions
may be derived from normal behaviors
excessive licking, chewing, biting, hair pulling, sucking
Term
Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Theories
Definition
causes endogenous endorphin release which provides positive feedback to behavior
supported by effectiveness of opioid antagonists
supported when breaking scratch-itch cycle stops behavior
or neurotransmitter imbalances
Term
Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Treatment
Definition
combination of medication, environmental management, behavior modification
Clomicalm for separation anxiety
Anipryl for cognitive dysfunction in elderly dogs
Reconcile (fluoxetine HCl) for treatment of separation anxiety and OCD in dogs and cats (aka prozac in people)
Term
Prescribing Psychoctive Medication
Definition
do not stop medication abruptly
may take weeks to months to treat
gradually decrease 25% every 2 weeks to wean off
Term
Benzodiazepines
Definition
target GABA receptors
are anxiolytic
in cats can cause hepatic necrosis
may result in loss of inhibition (risk of aggression)
tend not to use these
Term
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Definition
prolong activity of serotonin and which chronic use down-regular serotonin receptors
antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-compulsive, anti-aggressive effects
may require 3-4 weeks before improvement
Term
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Definition
prevent catabolism of catecholamines including dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, B-phenylethylamine, and serotonin
can't use amitraz with other medications
Term
Selegiline HCl
Definition
Anipryl
irreversible inhibitor of MAO
inhibits reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
approve to treat dogs with cognitive dysfunction
possible drug interactions
Term
Antipsychotics
Definition
the promazines
block action of dopamine
excess dopamine associated with psychotic symptoms and development of stereotypies
produce ataraxia: state of decreased emotional arousal and relative indifference to stressful situations
indicated for chemical restraint
poor anxiolytic properies
Term
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Definition
inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine
act as antihistamines and are alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists and have anticholinergic activity
anxiolytic, anticompulsive, antiagressive, antidepressant
Term
Endogenous Opioids and Role in OCD
Definition
chronic exposure of opioids results in sensitization of opioid receptors and increased endogenous opioid activity and expression of behavioral stereotypes
opioid antagonists reverse or attenuate this sensitization
stress may cause animal to initiate behavior
Term
Opioids Antagonists
Definition
used to stereotypic behavior, compulsive disorders, lick granulomas, tail-chasing, self-mutiltion, cribbing
Term
Dextromethorphan
Definition
morphine like analgesic
has activity at NMDA glutamate receptors in CNS and reduces some stereotypes in dogs and horses
Term
Progestins
Definition
inhibit secretion of pituitary gonadotrophin
suppress production of testosterone
alter binding of transcription factor to DNA
alter membrane fluidity
act of GABA recetpros
increase concentrations of B-endorphins and metenkephalin in hippocampus
interact with steroid receptors
have direct calming effect on limbic system
has a lot of side effects
only use these as a last resort
Term
Acral Lick Dermatitis
Definition
chronic licking leads to granuloma formation
Term
Acral Lick Dermatitis Lesions
Definition
alopecic
thickened, oval plague on lower legs from licking
more common in males over 5 years
Term
Acral Lick Dermatitis Causes
Definition
boredom
psychological
joint pain
foreign body
local neuritis/nerve damage
pressure sore
OCD
Term
Acral Lick Dermatitis Diagnosis
Definition
rule out bone lesion, neoplasia, fungal infection
Term
Acral Lick Dermatitis Treatment
Definition
correct underlying cause
psychologic diversions
obedience training
antidepressants
opiate antagonists, sedatives, progestagens
treat the lesion
prevent licking
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