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Environment 1
Environment 1
27
Biology
8th Grade
09/11/2014

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Term
Food chain
Definition
It shows a simple feeding relationship.
Term
Producer
Definition
It makes its own food by photosynthesis using sun’s energy (e.g. green plant).
Term
Consumer
Definition
Organism which gets its energy from eating other organisms.
Term
Predator
Definition
Organism which hunts or traps other animals.
Term
Prey
Definition
Organism which is hunted or trapped by other animals.
Term
Herbivore
Definition
Animal which only eats plants
Term
Carnivore
Definition
Animal which only eats meat
Term
Omnivore
Definition
Animal which eats both plants and meat
Term
Explain “abiotic factor” and give examples
Definition
A non-living component that affects an ecosystem, e.g. rainfall, air/water/soil temperature, water/soil pH, flow rate, wind speed, light intensity.
Term
Explain “biotic factor” and give examples
Definition
A living component that affects an ecosystem, e.g. disease, number of predators, competition.
Term
What does the arrow show in a food chain/web
Definition
The direction of the flow of energy
Term
Where do plants get their energy from?
Definition
Sun light
Term
What is lost at each level of the food chain?
Definition
Energy
Term
What is the relationship between the number of links in a food web and the stability of the ecosystem
Definition
The greater the number of links, the more stable the ecosystem
Term
Name 4 techniques that can be used to sample the organisms in an area?
Definition
Quadrat, pitfall trap, tree-beating and kick sampling
Term
How do you use a quadrat?
Definition
Randomly select site, count the number of the selected species within the boundaries of the quadrat, repeat and calculate an average.
Term
How do you make a pitfall trap and precautions?
Definition
Dig and place a cup levelled with the ground. Camouflage it to prevent birds from eating animals, put salty water to prevent a trapped beetle/spider from eating them all
Term
Material and precautions needed for kick sampling
Definition
A net, welly boots and a bucket. Place the net downstream of the stream flow, kick the river bed.
Term
Habitat
Definition
Where an organism lives
Term
Species
Definition
Similar organisms which could produce fertile offspring.
Term
Niche
Definition
Organism's way of life e.g. moulds (fungi) decompose things
Term
Which organisms might you not collect when tree-beating?
Definition
Organisms that fly away, e.g. birds and insects.
Term
Instrument to measure temperature and precautions
Definition
Thermometer, make sure to wait until the reading stop changing, make sure your hand does not warm it up.
Term
Instrument to measure light intensity and precautions
Definition
Light meter- Make sure you are not casting a shadow on the sensor and the light meter is turned towards the sun.
Term
Instrument to measure moisture and precautions
Definition
Ecometer/environment meter/ moisture meter. Make sure you dry the probe between readings and that it is inserted deep enough so that the soil covers the sensor.
Term
Instrument to measure pH intensity and precautions
Definition
pH meter, make sure the soil is moist otherwise put a sample of soil in distilled water to measure its pH. Rinse/wipe the probe between readings.
Term
What are our five basic needs?
Definition
Air/oxygen, water, food, warmth and shelter.
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