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Entom 102
final
80
Science
Undergraduate 4
04/30/2012

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Term
Vector
Definition

The arthropod responsible for transmission of the causal agent (pathogen) among vertebrate hosts. A vector transmits a pathogen, not a disease. A vector must feed upon or visit at least two different vertebrate hosts.

 

Ex. Mosquitos, wheel bug, tetzy fly

Term
Disease
Definition

A response of the host to the invasion or infestation of the body by a parasite.

  • Arbodisease-a disease, the pathogen of which is vectored by an arthropod.
  • Ex. Marlaria, west nile virus, African sleeping sickness.
Term
Pathogen, disease parasite or causal agent
Definition

An organism that is dependent on the host for its survival. Not all parasites cause the "disease".

  • Ex. Virus, bacteria, fungi
Term
Host
Definition

An organism that harbors a parasite that usually supplies nourishment and shelter.

  • Ex. Humans, rats, monkeys (yellow fever)
Term
Yellow Fever
Definition
  • Virus
  • Symptoms: show after 3-6 days, high fever, headache, bleeding gums, and easy bruising.
  • Vectors: Mosquitos
  • Hosts:monkeys

 

Term
Malaria
Definition
  • Pathogen- protozoan
  • Host- Humans
  • Vector- Mosquitoes
  • Symptoms- sudden fever and chills, headache, fatique and mass destruction of red blood cells
Term
Synanthropic
Definition

living close to humans

  • Ex: Bazaar fly
  • Importance:huge economic losses, animal gets stresses, discomfort for humans

 

Term
Synanthropic examples
Definition
  • House Fly: Sponging mouthparts, mechanical transmission and non biting.
  • Stable Fly: Piercing and sucking mouthparts, bitting fly.
Term
Muscoid Flies (e.g, house fly,stable fly, horn fly)
Definition
  • Complete metamorphosis
  • larva are maggots
  • larvae is found in rotting organic material or dung
  • agricultural pests
  • feed on the liquids near the mouth and nose
Term
Fly worry
Definition

Measurable amounts of loss due to the muscoid flies bothering the animal

  • Ex: A chicken wont lay as many eggs
Term
Black Fly
Definition
  • Habitat of Larvae: Large rivers
  • Adult female black flies: feed on blood
  • Adult male black flies: mainly feed on nectar
  • How does a black fly feed on blood: they are poole feeders.
Term
Onchocerciais
Definition
love fast moving water and usually live in pollution
Term
Pathogen of Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Definition

nematode worm

  • How it developes: female flies take blood from infected human, microfilarae penetrate the gut then the worm migrates to the flies head and mouthparts. Once it gets into the human, the worm continues to develop and molt.
Term
Onchoceriasis Nodules
Definition
  • Worms build up and form nodules
  • lymph glands may become infested and swollen
  • problems in lungs and liver and may cause tham to fail
Term
Consequences of Onchocerciasis
Definition
  • Blindness is the most serious , but also the abandonment of fertile river valleys and the movement to higher less fertile areas
Term
Onchocerciasis Control Program
Definition
  • Started in Africa
  • Goal was to eliminate oncoceriasis from 7 west African nations
  • Plan was to reduce the number of adults, which would reduce the number of infected humans-breaking the cycle
  • Needed to last 15 yrs to be successful
Term
Diurnal
Definition
Active during the day
Term
Nocturnal
Definition
Active at night
Term
Crepuscular
Definition
Active at dawn and dusk
Term
Asymptomatic
Definition
the host does not appear to suffer from the disease and there are no signs of the disease
Term
Moth Flies
Definition
  • found in buildingd and around sewage treatment plants
  • adults are found near lights and near aquatic breeding sites
Term
Sand Flies
Definition
vector several disease agents
Term
Cutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasis
Definition
  • Protozoan disease of skin and mucus
  • bite areas cause lesions
  • two million newcases each year
Term
Development of tsetse flies
Definition
  • Larve is retained in the female uterus
    • molt twice in uterus
    • after 9 days of ovulation the fully developed instar larva gets deposited on the ground by the female.
  • Adult emerges in about 30 days
  • low reproductive rate
Term
Fly belts
Definition

Shrubbery where there is lots of shade

  • Area where ther are a large number of tsetse flies
Term
Saharan Africa of Nagana
Definition

often fatal disease  caused by various species of trypanosomes and transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly

Nagana= affects animals especially in domesticated animals

  • Consequences:
    • Major factor in lack of development of domestic animal production.
    • Humans lose a protein source
    • ;ack of work animals
    • lack manure as fertilizer

 

Term
How do horse and deer flies feed
Definition

they are pool feeders; first they lacerate the skin, which causes bleeding, then they draw the blood up through a food canal. Only females feed on blood, males feed on nector.

Term
Life history of the Mosquito
Definition

Complete metomorphasis

  • Immature: temporarily- in tital poopls, rain pools and flooded areas. Permanently- pools, streams,swamps, lakes
  • Larvae: molt 3 times; filter feeders
  • Pupae: Spend time near the surface; lasts 5-6 days
  • Adult:Ingest air and break open pupal case; feed on surface for a few days and mate; female needs blood meal to initiate egg development
Term
Wigglers
Definition
larvea of mosquitoes; found in aquatic situations
Term
Tumblers
Definition
Pupae of mosquitos; found in aquatic situations
Term
How to eliminate mosquito immatures?
Definition
Dump out your bird bath every 7-10 days
Term
How can you tell Anopheles mosquito (malaria) apart from regular mosquitos?
Definition
You can teel them apart because of its tail angle
Term
Pathogen, vector and distributions of Malaria
Definition
  • Biological transmission
  • Malaria is a protozoan
  • mosquitos are the vector
  • plasmodium is the pathogen
  • Malaria's mortality is high in young children- under one year.
  • Distribution: humid tropical areas, seen worldwide
Term
Importance and management of Maleria
Definition
  • Importance: currently 300-500 million cases, 1-3 million deaths and a major deterrent to development.
  • Management: Bedmets, moving from water
Term
Where did Maleria get it's meaning?
Definition

In Italian it means bad air

Term
Sickle Cell trait
Definition
  • Born with a genetic tendency to get sickle shaped blood cells
  • Where the disease malaria is common
  • Benefits: you can't get malaria

 

Term
Sickle cell anemia
Definition
a diseas passes down through families in which red blood cells and crecent shaped.
Term
Mosquito-borne filariasis
Definition
  • Pathogen- nematode worm
  • Host- humans
  • Vector: mosquitoes
  • Deblilitating disease:causes loss of energy; weakness
  • Causes elephantiais
Term
Elephantiais
Definition
Gross enlargement of legs,arms, etc. due to blockage of lymph drainage. Result of mosquito-borne filariasis
Term
General consequences of mosquito born viruses
Definition
Some effect both humans, domestic and wild animals; can cause death
Term
Sylvanic yellow fever
Definition
  • occurs in the forest
  • maintained in monkeys
  • isolated human cases
Term
Urban yellow fever
Definition
  • Spread by aedes aeqypti
  • named after Jaundice
  • Epidemic occured in US since 1700's
  • Nothing can eliminate yellow fever but you can prevent it by getting a vaccination
Term
Primary host of west nile virus
Definition
birds
Term
Breakbone fever
Definition
  • Also known as dengue fever
  • Nicknamed this because it caused sever pain in muscles and joints
Term
Myiasis
Definition
fly maggots are feeding on live tissue in a live body
Term
Obligatory Myiasis
Definition
  • Requires a living host in which to develop
  • Always parasitic
  • Host specific
Term
Facultative Myiasis
Definition
  • Larvae are free living parasites
  • normally feed on carrion
  • attracted to sick or injured animals and continue feeding even when dead
Term
Gastrointestinal Myiasis
Definition
horse stomach bot flies
Term
Subcutaneous Myiasis
Definition
feeding under the skin; human bot flies: lay it's eggs on another insect, most likely a mosquito, and when a mosquito bites a human the egg hatches and goes into the wound
Term
Cutaneous Myiasis
Definition
feeding on the skin
Term
Gastronintestinal Myiasis
Definition
Aka: Cattle grub- it is causes by warbel flies
Term
Nasopharyngeal Myiasis
Definition
feeding in the nose and mouth of humans. Ex. Sheep fly
Term
Myiasis caused by screwworm
Definition
  • Obligatory: has severe economic consequences for domestic animal production; major livestock pest; females feed on opened wounds and lay eggs towards the outside of the wound
  • Does kill host eventually
Term
Sterile Insect technique
Definition
sterilized flies and released them mated with natrual firs and culd no longer produce offspring; trying to lead to extermination
Term
Bot Flies
Definition
  • Most obligate of the myisasis causing flies
  • host specific
  • adults do not feed or take in nutients

 

Term
Warble
Definition
larval stage of bot fly
Term
Torsalo Fly
Definition
  • Attacks cattle but also humans, monkey, sheep and dogs
  • Also called "human bot fly"
  • Females lay eggs on another species of fly that will go to the host to feed (mosquitoes or face flies)
  • Enter the host through feeding wounds, hair follicles or soft fold
  • Once on human: intching, boils develop, stong pain of the larval development
Term
Stomach bot fly
Definition
Adult flies glue eggs to hair shafts of host where they are then licked into the oral cavity. Maggots then move to the stomack lining where they attach and feed.
Term
Maggot therapy
Definition

Fly maggots feed on dead tissue on the living body. The wound can get a lot cleaner than acually having a surgeon remove dead material

Term
General human consequence of scorpions
Definition
they are over estimated when it comer to their danger and it could mess with your nervous system
Term
Toxicity of Scorpians
Definition
  • Main purpose of toxins is to protect themselve and subdue their prey.
  • It does not matter the size whenit comes to how toxic their poison is
Term
How do scorpians eat?
Definition
Scorpians chew and scrape in order to eat their food
Term
What is the primary concern with solpugids (sun spiders, wind spiders, camel spiders) to humans?
Definition
They have a really bad bite to the point where you might have to have stiches to close the wound.
Term
Primary purpose of the toxin of spiders
Definition
All spiders produce toxins in order to subdue their prey; secondarily they produce toxins to defend themselves
Term
Why are spiders beneficial?
Definition
They are important to the enviroment. They are pest removers in gardens
Term
Sun spiders, wind spiders and camel spiders concerns to humans
Definition

Don't prduce toxins; are nastey because of their bites.

Plate like structures near neck identify them as males

All spiders are predators.

 

Term
Spider Webbing
Definition

Made out of silk; prey gets caught in the webbing;

ex: orb webbing

Term
Spider trap door
Definition

Spiders make a little hole; runs out of hole and grabs it and drags it into the hole.

Ex. hunting spiders

Term
Spider camouflage
Definition

Sit in a place where potential prey are going to come

ex. crab spiders

Term
Black widow bite
Definition

Symptoms: Neurological: fever, muscle aches, vomiting, nauseous

 

Term
Brown recluse spider bite
Definition
Symptoms: necrotic- kill the skin
Term
Carrion
Definition
dead animal matter
Term
Cases insects are valuable in solving criminal od civil actions
Definition
  • Parents locking their kids on a closet with a wasps nest
  • neglect of young, elderly, ill
  • single occupant vehicle accidents
  • insect remains to detail probable path
  • insects in drugs
  • insects and flood splatter problems
  • fly "specks"- blood
Term
Post Modern Interval (PMI)
Definition
  • the time between insect colonization and corpse discovery (approximate time since death)
  • requires determination of age maggot: depending on what stage the bug is in it can give time of death.
Term
What is meant by the rendezvous, feast and exodus phase of carrion decomposition?
Definition
  • Rendezvous: all the bugs enter the body, lay eggs
  • Feast: Subcorpse fauna develops and everyone eats, all eggs get nutrients
  • Exodus: disperal of the body through bugs, the bugs leave the body in search of new food.
  • Living lice: means body hasnt been dead for more then two days
Term
Mechanical transmission
Definition

Pathogens are transmitted via contaminated body parts, for example mouthparts or the regurgitation of infectious blood or other meal

Ex. a fly that spreads pink eye from cows

Term
Biological transmission
Definition

The pathogen undergoes development or reproduction in the host arthropod.

Ex. Malaria, African Sleeping Sickness, Chagas disease.

Term
Examples of poole feeders and venas feeders
Definition

Poole: Black fly

Venas: Mosquitos

Term
Yellow Jacket stings
Definition
  • When stung body produces histamins: causes allergy like symptoms
  • Use antihistamines: Allergy medicines
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