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ENT MEDsurg
NOVA
180
Medical
Graduate
11/19/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
1. Describe the normal appearance of the TM and what portion of the ear is behind the TM?
Definition
Separates the external ear from middle ear
Term
2. Describe the positioning of the pars flaccida and the pars tensa?
Definition
a. Flaccida- Superior Aspect
b. Tensa- Inferor Aspect
Term
3. What structures are in the middle ear?
Definition
a. Ossicles, air, Eustachian tube opening, round/oval windows
Term
4. What is significant about the eustachian tube in infancy? How is this a risk factor?
Definition
a. Nearly horizontal
b. This puts them at high risk for OM
Term
5. What structures are in the inner ear and which one is responsible for vestibular control?
Definition
a. Cochlear and Semicircular Canals
b. Responsible for Vestibular Control
Term
6. Why is the mastoid susceptible to infection?
Definition
a. Communicates w/ middle ear
Term
7. What is the most common skin cancer on the ear? Describe its appearance.
Definition
a. BCC
b. Appearance: Rolled border, pearly appearance, nodule, telangiectasia
Term
8. What is another common skin cancer involving the ear? What does it often arise from
Definition
a. SCC
b. Often arises from: Actinic Keratosis
Term
9. What is an epidermal inclusion cyst?
Definition
a. Well defined, non-tender, soft, mobile, cystic mass
Term
10. What is the treatment for auricular hematoma?
Definition
a. I&D; pressure dressing, splint & antibiotics
Term
11. What should you try to rule out before cleaning out a cerumen impaction?
Definition
a. TM Perforation
Term
12. What kind of symptoms will be present with a cerumen impaction?
Definition
a. Decreased hearing, intra-aural fullness
Term
13. A patient presents with tenderness when you palpate the tragus and purulent otorrhea – what is the most likely diagnosis?
Definition
a. Otitis Externa
Term
14. What is the treatment for OE patient? Most common pathogens?
Definition
a. Cortisporin otic QID (polymyxin B + neomycin +HC)
b. Pseudomonas, S. Aureus, Candida, Aspergillus
Term
15. What is malignant otitis externa? Which type of patients? Treatment?
Definition
a. Bacterial infection of EAC and skull base
b. Diabetics & Elderly
c. IV anti-pseudomonas meds
Term
16. What are some of the indications for PE tubes?
Definition
a. SOM of 4 moths w/ persistent hearing loss ( >21 dB), Children: recurrent or persistent OM who are at risk of speech, language or learning problems & visible structure changes
Term
17. What is barotrauma? Sx’s? Treatment?
Definition
a. Inability to equalize middle ear pressure during descent in diving or aircraft
b. Sx: pain, tinnitus, vertigo, N/V & hearing loss
c. Tx: Bed rest w/ head of bed elevated, anti-vertiginous meds & steroids
Term
18. What is the most common cause of acute otitis media? Most common bacteria? Tx?
Definition
a. Viral etiology with or after a URI
b. Strep Pneumo, H Flu. & Moraxella
c. Amoxicillin (often high dose)
Term
19. What is the most frequent serious complication of middle ear infection? Best study?
Definition
a. Mastoiditis
b. CT scan
c. Tx: Hospitalization IV abx & mastoidectomy
Term
20. What is vertigo? Dizziness? Tinnitus?
Definition
a. A sensation of movement, either of oneself or their environment
b. Dizzyness: Any number of sensations not necessarily movement
c. Tinnitus: Hearing noises that are not from the environment
Term
21. What is the most common cause of SNHL and its greatest risk factor?
Definition
a. Presbycusis
b. Aging
Term
22. Which medications are ototoxic?
Definition
a. Streptomycin & gentamycin (WORST) + Salicylates, Loop Diuretics, Antineoplastic agents
Term
23. When would you suspect a central vestibular lesion?
Definition
a. When the pt has brainstem deficits associated w/ the vertigo or dizziness associated w/ diplopia, dysarthria, HA, AMS or cerebellar/motor/sensory abnormalities
Term
24. What is a cholesteatoma?
Definition
a. A growth of desquamated/stratified/squamous epithelium that often occurs in the pars flacida area from chronic neg pressure/retraction.
Term
25. What is otosclerosis? what kind of hearing loss?
Definition
a. Slowly progressive hearing loss w/ onset 3rd-4th decade. bone remodeling. lesion at footplate of the stapes at the oval window.

conductive hearing loss
Term
26. What is the class triad of meniere’s dz and how long do the episodes last?
Definition
a. Triad of hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus & vertigo
b. Last minutes to hours
Term
27. What is the treatment for Meniere’s dz?
Definition
a. Valium for severe vertigo, HCTZ (50-100 mg PO qd)
Term
28. What is acute labyrinthitis? Sx’s? Tx?
Definition
a. Viral URI followed by vertigo, tinnitus & hearing loss
b. Vertigo, N/V
c. Diazepam (Valium) & Meclizine (Antivert)
Term
29. What is benign positional vertigo? How long do Sx’s last? Treatment?
Definition
a. Short episodes (seconds to min) of vertigo brought on by head movements
b. Seconds to minutes
c. Epley Maneuver
Term
Dizziness associated with an illusion of motion is termed ?
Definition
vertigo
Term
Sudden vertigo that develops without ear symptoms and lasts for 24-48 hrs is most likely?
Definition
vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis
Term
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is vertigo that lasts ?
Definition
10-30 secs and isn’t associated with serious illness
Term
4. Vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis are associated with ?
Definition
a recent flu or viral infection
Term
BPPV should NOT be treated with ?
Definition
vestibular suppressants b/c the episodes are so fleeting
Term
Vertigo lasts for less than 1 min ? 24-48? 30min-2-4hrs?
Definition
1 min - BPPV
24-48hrs - Vestibular neuronitis
30min to 2-4 hrs assoc. hearing loss, tinnitus, sensation of aural fullness in Meniere’s Disease
Term
Vestibular neuronitis presents with vertigo similar to ?
Definition
labyrinthitis, but it does NOT have auditory symptoms
Term
Vestibular neuronitis presents with vertigo similar to ?
Definition
labyrinthitis, but it does NOT have auditory symptoms
Term
30. How is Vestibular Neuronitis different from acute labyrinthitis?
Definition
a. No cochlear involvement, no hearing loss & only vertigo
Term
31. What tumor presents with the similar symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo? What other symptoms may it present with? Tx?
Definition
a. Acoustic neuroma
b. Facial numbness & weakness
c. Surgery
Term
32. What type of nystagmus would indicate a central lesion?
Definition
a. Vertical, bi-directional or unilateral nystagmus
Term
33. Which autoimmune disease may present as a vestibular disease?
Definition
a. Multiple Sclerosis
Term
34. What symptoms may be present with MS? How is it diagnosed?

hint - very different symptom than other disease.
Definition
a. Vertigo, ---hyperacusis---, facial numbness, nystagmus & diplopia
b. MRI
Term
35. What is the etiology behind “drop attacks” that are precipitated by neck motion?
Definition
a. Vertebrobasilar Insuffienciency

--Characteristic “drop attacks” without LOC and precipitated by neck motion
- Self-limited episodes are manifestations of transient ischemic attacks
Term
36. What is Ramsey Hunt syndrome?
Definition
a. Infection of your facial nerve that’s accompanied by a painful rash & facial muscle weakness caused by varicella-zoster
Term
37. Describe the nasal mucosa in a patient with allergic rhinitis? What are some other symptoms?
Definition
a. Pale, boggy, bluish tinge, clear rhinorrhea
b. Sneezing, allergic shiners, allergic salute & nasal polyps
Term
38. What type of cells might be seen in a nasal smear of a patient with allergic rhinitis?
Definition
a. Eosinophils
Term
39. What is the cornerstone of treatment in allergic rhinitis? Other treatments?
Definition
a. Nasal corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines, mast cell stabalizers or leukotriene inhibitors
Term
40. How is vasomotor rhinitis diagnosed?
Definition
a. Based on hx and lack of other signs
hum this looks impt --Symptoms are excessive at times and are exacerbated by certain odors (e.g., perfumes, cigarette smoke, paint fumes, inks), alcohol, spicy foods, emotions, and environmental factors such as temperature, barometric pressure changes, and bright lights. Allergy tests are negative.
Term
41. What causes Rhinitis Medicamentosa?
Definition
a. Overuse of nasal decongestants
Term
42. What is the etiology of sinusitis? Most common sinuses involved?
Definition
a. Impaired mucociliary clearance & obstruction of osteomeatal complex
b. Maxillary Sinuses
Term
43. What are the prominent symptoms of sinusitis?
Definition
a. Nasal drainage/congestion, facial pressure/pain (esp unilateral) postnasal dc, hyposmia/anosmia, fever, cough, fatigue, maxillary dental pain or ear pressure/fullness
Term
44. How is sinusitis usually diagnosed? Gold standard for evaluation of sinuses?
Definition
a. Clinical presentation (Hx & PE)
b. Sinus CT
Term
45. Which plain film x-ray view is the best for maxillary sinuses?
Definition
a. Waters view
Term
46. What are some antibiotic options for sinusitis? How long should the treatment be? What if chronic sinusitis?
Definition
a. Augmentin, Bactrim DS, Biaxin, Levaquin, Cefitin
b. 14 days
c. Change abx and add oral or nasal steroid
Term
47. What is vestibulitis and why is it dangerous?
Definition
a. Infection of the nasal vestibule
b. Retrograde infection via the cavernous sinus into the cranium
Term
48. What is Samter’s triad? What disease is it associated with?
Definition
a. Aspirin Allergy/Nasal Polyps/Asthma
b. Assoc w/ Allergic Rhinitis
Term
49. What is the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction?
Definition
a. Anatomic blockage by Polyps, septal deformities/nasal deformities & head trauma
Term
50. What is the most common cause of unilateral nasal obstruction & purulent rhinorrhea in children?
Definition
a. Foreign body
Term
51. Which area of the septum is most often involved in anterior epistaxis? Tx?
Definition
a. Kiesselbach’s Plexus
b. Pinch anterior nose & lean forward, Vasoconstrictors or Cautery
Term
52. What type of patients are more at risk for posterior epistaxis? Tx?
Definition
a. Elderly b/c usually are HTN, on blood thinners , poor tolerance of hemodynamic changes
b. Posterior nasal packing and hospitalization
Term
53. Why do nasal papillomas need a wide excision surgery?
Definition
a. 10% undergo malignant change to SCC
Term
54. What is a highly vascular invasive neoplasm of nasopharnyx that is common in adolescent males? Sx’s?
Definition
a. Juvenile Angiofibroma
b. Facial asymmetry, nasal obstruction, epistaxis & nasal drainage
Term
55. What is the most common malignancy in maxillary and ethmoid sinuses?
Definition
SCC
Term
56. Why is erythroplakia more serious than leukoplakia?

(E)rythroplakia= (E)vile
Definition
a. Up to 90% may become malignant as opposed to up to 6 % of leukoplakias may become malignant
Term
57. What is the most important aspect of the exam in a patient with a nasal fracture?
Definition
Must visualize nasal septum
Term
58. The presence of nasal polyps in children should raise suspicions of which disease?
Definition
a. Cystic fibrosis
Term
59. Which tongue cancer location has the poorest prognosis? Most common type of tongue CA?
Definition
a. Base of tougue
b. SCC
Term
60. What is trench mouth? Causitive agents?
Definition
a. NUG-pain of the gingival and the tissue appears eroded w/ superficial grayish pseudomembranes
b.causes: Spirocetes & Fusiform bacilli

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis - NUG
Term
61. Most common pathogen of pharyngitis? Most common bacterial pathogen?
Definition
a. Viral
b. Strep Group A
Term
62. What are some symptoms that might distinguish strep throat from viral pharyngitis?
Definition
a. Rapid onset, HA, myalgias, nausea, lack of cough, exudative pharyngitis, tender enlarged lymph nodes
Term
63. What tests are useful for distinguishing strep throat from mononucleosis? What will the results of a CBC tell you?
Definition
a. Rapid strep test, monospot Ab test, CBC, throat culture or EBV titer LFT’s
b. Bacterial or Viral specifically; Atypical lymphs suggest mononucleosis
Term
64. Why treat strep throat? What is the treatment?
Definition
a. To prevent the complications
b. PCN or Erythromycin
Term
65. What do patients with mono need to avoid?
Definition
a. Contact sports b/c of splenomegaly
Term
66. What autoimmune disease causes dry mouth and dry eyes?
Definition
a. Sjogren’s syndrome


Its an autoimmune disorder that attacks the glands that make tears and saliva. It may also affect your joints, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels.
Term
67. What are some indications for tonsillectomy?
Definition
infective and obstructive reasons

from slide

recurrent acute tonsillitis 6/yr, 5 per year for 2 years, or 3 episodes per year for 3 years
recurrent acute tonsillitis with febrile seizures or valvular dz
Chronic tonsillitis unresponsive to med therapy
Peritonsillar abscess with hx of tonsillar infections


Heroic snoring with chronic mouth breathing
Obstructive sleep apnea or sleep disturbances
Term
68. What is the most commonly encountered neck space infection? What is it?
Definition
a. Ludwig’s Angina
b. Cellulitis of the sublingual & submaxillary space w/ dental abscess
Term
69. What is a retropharyngeal abscess? How might you distinguish this from epiglottis?
Definition
a. Abscess in the tissues in the back of the throat, very serious-pts appear toxic and it may be hard to distinguish from epiglottis
b. Soft tissue x-ray or CT
Term
70. What is the most prominent feature of obstructive sleep apnea?
Definition
Snoring
Term
71. What is the clinical presentation of sialadenitis? Most common type of patient?
Definition
a. Tender, swollen gland, exacerbation w/ meals, ductal red opening red-may express pus, erythema/edema of the overlying skin
b. Elderly with poor hydration
Term
72. What are the primary symptoms of laryngeal disease?
Definition
a. Hoarsness & Stridor
Term
73. Why would someone’s voice be too “breathy”?
Definition
a. Too much air passes incompletely through opposed cords

from slide

Cause - abnormal air flow past cords
Voice: “breathy” too much air passes incompletely opposed cords
Term
Antibiotic use is discouraged in?
Definition
viral rhinitis
Term
Don’t use Afrin for more than ?
Definition
3 days- rebound congestion
Term
1st line tx of allergic rhinitis is ?
Definition
nasal corticosteroid sprays
Term
Vasomotor/nonallergic rhinitis has symptoms exacerbation by ?
Definition
odors or environmental changes and allergy testing is negative
Term
More than 3-4 episodes of sinusitis?
Definition
Refer to ENT
Term
Gold Standard for Sinusitis is ?
Definition
coronal CT w/o IV contrast
Term
Viral rhinitis takes 7-10 days to resolve after that its a ?
Definition
7. Viral rhinitis takes 7-10 days to resolve after that its a ?

Sinusitis
Term
All erythropakic or enlarging leukoplakic lesions need a ?
Definition
biopsy
Term
SCC is the most common cancer of the ?
Definition
tongue
Term
Calculus formation is most common in ?
Definition
Wharton’s ducts
Term
Surgery for ankyloglossia is after age ?
Definition
4 yo or w/other complications
Term
74. What test should be done for persistant hoarseness?
Definition
a. Indirect laryngoscopy after 2 weeks of hoarsness
Term
75. What is croup? Etiology? Sx’s? X-ray sign?
Definition
a. Viral inflammation of the upper & lower resp tracts characterized by inspiratory stridor/subglottic swelling /resp distress/barking cough
b. Parainfluenza virus
c. Steeple sign
Term
76. What are the 4 D’s of epiglottis? Other Sx’s? How is it diagnosed?
Definition
a. Dysphagia, Dysphonia, Dyspnea & Drooling
b. Lack of cough
c. Hx, PE, X-ray NOT laryngoscopy
Term
77. What is the most common cause of hoarseness? Etiology? Tx?
Definition
a. Acute laryngitis
b. Viral
c. Vocal rest & steroids PRN
Term
78. What effects does GERD have on the larynx?
Definition
a. Chronic inflammation & hoarseness, contact ulcers & granulomas
Term
earliest sign of parotitis is
Definition
sensitivity to acidic foods and drink
Term
79. What causes vocal cord nodules? Are they precancerous?
Definition
a. Any vocal cord abuse
b. Not usually
Term
80. What type of patients have laryngeal leukoplakia?
Definition
tobacco users -- smokers
Term
81. What is the most common cancer of the larynx? What type of patient?
Definition
a. SCC
b. Male smoker or drinker >50y/o
Term
82. Which type of laryngoscopy requires general anesthesia?
Definition
a. Direct laryngoscopy
Term
83. What is the most common cause of vocal cord paralysis? Second? Tx?
Definition
a. Surgery
b. Cancer
c. Surgery to open up airway
Term
84. What is vocal cord dysfunction? What is it often misdiagnosed as? What type of patient?
Definition
a. Vocal cord adduction (closure) during inspiration/expiration/both
b. Asthma
c. Anxious female 20-40
Term
85. Which is more permanent cricothyroidectomy or tracheotomy? Safer and easier to perform?
Definition
a. Tracheotomy
b. Cricothyroidectomy
Term
86. Is a neck mass with rapid growth and tenderness more likely to be inflammation or cancer?
Definition
Inflammation
Term
87. A patient presents with a neck mass that has been there for about 6 months. It is firm, nontender and fixed to the underlying tissue, what it the most likely diagnosis?
Definition
a. Malignant Tumor
Term
88. What is torticollis? Tx?
Definition
a. Bening “mass” in the SCM of the neck
b. Physical Therapy, Meds, Botox or Surgery
Term
89. What is the causative agent of mumps? Most common gland involved? What are some complications?
Definition
a. Paramyxovirus
b. Parotids
c. Orchitis or oophoritis, Meningoencephalitis or Pancreatitis
Term
90. Where are branchial cleft cysts usually located? Is it tender? Does it move with swallowing?
Definition
a. Lateral neck
b. Non-tender
c. Does not move with swallowing
Term
91. Where are thyroglossal duct cysts usually located? Does it move with swallowing?
Definition
a. Midline
b. Moves with swallowing
Term
92. What are the most common pathogens of inflammatory masses of the neck?
Definition
a. Staph aureus, Grp A Strep & oral anaerobes
Term
93. What is the most common neck mass at any age? When would you refer for a biopsy?
Definition
a. Reactive lymphadenopathy
b. Persists more than 6-8 wks, larger than 1cm or is getting larger
Term
94. What are the most frequent sites of primary SCC in the head and neck? What is a very strong risk factor?
Definition
a. Tongue, tonsils or larynx
b. Smoking & ETOH
Term
95. What does the TNM stand for in cancer staging?
Definition
a. Tumor, nodes, mets
Term
96. What are the treatment options for SCC?
Definition
a. Surgery, radiation or chemotherapy
Term
97. What type of cell is seen in hodgkins lymphoma? How dx’d? Tx?
Definition
a. Reed Sternberg Cell
b. Biopsy
c. Radiation and Chemotherapy
Term
98. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer? What type of patient? Which type has the poorest prognosis?
Definition
a. Papillary Thyroid Cancers
b. 45 y/o Caucasian female w/out children
c. Anaplastic
Term
98. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer? What type of patient? Which type has the poorest prognosis?
Definition
a. Papillary Thyroid Cancers
b. 45 y/o Caucasian female w/out children
c. Anaplastic
Term
99. At what decibal is hearing loss considered profound?
Definition
a. >80 dB
Term
100. What is pure tone testing evaluating?
Definition
a. Hearing loss of several types (need a cooperative patient)
Term
101. What does a flat curve on a tympanogram indicate? Small curve?
Definition
a. No or very poor mobility due to fluid in the ear or perforation
b. Small amount of mobility due to retraction
Term
102. What type of audiology study can be performed on an uncooperative patient?
Definition
a. BAER or ABR
Term
Croup is a viral infection and Epiglottitis is a bacterial infection caused by ?
Definition
Haemophilus Influenza type B
Term
A rigid esophagoscope is used to ?
Definition
remove foreign bodies from the esophagus
Term
Bronchoscopy is required for ?
Definition
foreign bodies that have been aspirated
Term
If a child has recurrent pneumonias- think ?
Definition
Foreign body
Term
Don’t confuse the wheezing of asthma with ?
Definition
a possible foreign body aspiration
Term
Do not try to examine or agitate a child with acute epiglottitis because ?
Definition
you can cause further obstruction
Term
Lateral Soft tissue view xray of the neck is necessary to dx ?
Definition
epiglottitis (Thumb sign)
Term
Chest/neck xray showing a “Steeple Sign” for?
Definition
croup
Term
If a patient c/o hoarseness for more than 2 weeks order an ?
Definition
do indirect laryngoscopy
Term
Indirect laryngoscopy is NOT used in ?
Definition
children
Term
Hyperinflation on CXR is seen on the ipsilateral side of foreign body obstruction due to ?
Definition
Air trapping
Term
Right main-stem bronchus is where most ?
Definition
foreign bodies lodge
Term
Otitis media with effusion produces a ?
Definition
Type B (flat) tympanogram
Term
Presbycusis produces a hearing loss that ?
Definition
slopes downward and to the right side of the audiogram
Term
Eustachian tube dysfunction is seen on a ?
Definition
Type C audiogram where there is negative pressure in the middle ear
Term
Noise induced hearing loss audiogram shows ?
Definition
high freq dip
Term
Noise induced hearing loss audiogram shows ?
Definition
conductive hearing loss
Term
If air conduction and bone conduction thresholds are equal but higher than 25 dB?
Definition
then you are looking at a sensorineural hearing loss
Term
Infections in the carotid sheath can ?
Definition
erode into the great vessels and cause hemorrhage
Term
read chap 6, 1 , 3 teaching piont. i am not sure but there might be one more missing in this cards. so read all of them from the study guide but all the review questions are here ...good luck..........
Definition
Term
outer ear chap 1 teaching point
Definition
Term
1. Most common pathogen of AOE?
Definition
Pseudomonas
Term
2. Complication of auricular hematoma?
Definition
cauliflower deformity
Term
Perichondritis treatment is with?
Definition
corticosteroids and ENT referral
Term
Treatment for cerumen impaction is?
Definition
Debrox or H20 and H2O2 solution
Term
Alligator forceps and Right angle hooks are useful in?
Definition
romove FBs
Term
Malignant External Otitis (MEO) is most commonly seen in?
Definition
Diabetics and immunocompromised
Term
MCC of Malignant External Otitis is?
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
Malignant external otitis is dx by what scan
Definition
CT
Term
tx for MEO
Definition
IV antipseudomonal abx and surgical debridement
Term
tx of mild cases of MEO is ?
Definition
Oral Ciprofloxacin
Term
MC EAC neoplasia is?
Definition
SCC
Term
if OE is not resolving consider
Definition
SCC and get biopsy to confirm
Term
order a renal US to r/o
Definition
anomalies in pt with 1st branchial cleft anomalies
Term
most common pathogen of AOM
Definition
Strep. pneumonia (up to 49%)
- Haemophilis influenza (29%)
- Moraxella catarrhalis (28%)
Term
first line tx for AOM
Definition
Antipyretics & analgesics
-If >2yo, afebrile, no ear pain, and neg. exam
-Antibiotics po for 10 days
-If <2yo- treat empirically
-Amoxicillin remains drug of choice – given in high doses (80-90mg/kg)
<2yo x 10 days; >2yo x 5-7 days
-Amoxicillin HD or Augmentin ES if abx w/in last month
Term
3. Treatment for AOM if there is a beta-lactamase resistance
Definition
Augmentin, Cefdinir, cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil
Term
4. Amount of time to treat AOM with antibiotics for different age groups
Definition
2yo x 10 days; >2yo x 5-7 days
Term
5. A tympanocentesis is appropriate under what circumstances
Definition
Sever ear infections that are not healing with antibiotics
-Used infants with ear infection and weak immune system
-To collect fluid for testing
-To drain fluid for a child with severe ear pain
Term
Purpose of PET are to
Definition
vent the ear and not to drain the ear
Term
7. It is appropriate to refer to an ENT specialist after a child has been diagnosed with recurrent otitis media?
Definition
Children with recurrent or persistent otitis media who are at risk of speech, language, or learning problems, regardless of hearing status [early referral (within three months) is recommended]
Term
8. Bullous myringitis is treated the same as ?
Definition
an AOM --same abx
Term
9. OME patients have hearing loss which affects?
Definition
o m with effusion-- speech development and learning
Term
OME --what percent would clear infection with abx
Definition
50%
Term
11. If there is hearing loss for >3mo then what is recommended?
Definition
PET are recommended
Term
12. Complications of AOM
Definition
Chronic/Recurrent OM, Mastoiditis, Petrositis, Osteomyelitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis, CNS Infections (Brain Abscesses or MENINGITIS)
Term
13. Untreated AOM can lead to ?
Definition
TM perforation; this requires both oral and topical antibiotics
Term
topical abx for perforation of eardrum are?
Definition
quinolones (ofloxacin or cipro+hydrocortisone)
Term
15. TM rupture causes what kind of pain?
Definition
no pain
Term
If TM rupture causes pain after 1-2 weeks consider?
Definition
Mastoiditis
Term
17. S. pneumo + H. flu are the MC organisms that causes ?
Definition
meningitis r/t AOM
Term
18. Scarring of the tympanic membrane leads to ?
Definition
tympanosclerosis which can lead to conductive hearing loss
Term
19. OME an adult that is of recent duration and unilateral suggests a ?
Definition
disease process in the nasopharynx (ie) Early nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Term
Examination of the nasopharynx in a unilateral OME is ?
Definition
mandatory
Term
21. Cholesteatomas are ?
Definition
not cancers and do not metastasize
Term
22. TM perforation doesn’t usually cause ?
Definition
much hearing loss
Term
Two major types of hearing loss are conductive and sensorineural
MCC of hearing loss in children is r/t AOM w/effusion
MC preventable cause of sensorineural hearing loss is noise trauma/exposure
Presbycusis is the MCC of sensorineural hearing loss
MCC of conductive hearing loss in adults is cerumen impaction
Patient with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss must be evaluated to rule out an acoustic neuroma (GET an MRI)
Definition
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