Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ENT 300 Weeks 1-4
Biology 300
108
Biology
Undergraduate 3
04/28/2013

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Extant
Definition
Still in existence, surviving, living
Term
Taxon
Definition
Any group or rank in a biological classification into which related organisms are classified.

Taxonomic unit= phylum, order, family genus, species
Term
Stenothermic
Definition
living or growing within a limited range of temperature (warm blooded).
Term
Ectothermic
Definition
An organism that regulates it's body temperature by exchanging heat with its surroundings (cold-blooded)
Term
Number of insect species found and named?
Definition
1,000,000 (5/6 of all known animal species)
Term
When did insects first appeared?
Definition
400,000,000 years ago (before dinosaurs)

Most successful animal group in the entire evolutionary history of earth.
Term
The only place where insects are not found?
Definition
polar ice caps
Term

Hemiptera Characteristics 

Definition

 

Pierce plant tissue and suck liquids with mouth

 

 

[image]

Term
Orthoptera characteristics
Definition

 

Insects with incomplete metamorphosis (grasshoppers, crickets)

 

-Many insects in this order produce sounds by rubbing wings or legs together

 

[image]

Term
Lepidoptera Characteristics
Definition

butterflies and moths

 

Characterized by colorfull patterns and scales covering their bodies and wings

 

[image]

 

Term
Hymenoptera Characteristics
Definition

Sawflies, ant, bees, and wasps

 

[image]

Term
Reasons for insects success?
Definition
1. Physical size (small size) (largest only 6 inches)
-Less food to mature
- Use small niches to escape predators
2.Flight (first of animals to fly)
-Food capture
- Escape from predators
- Dispersal to new environments
- Sex
3. Fertility (100-150 fertilized eggs in one life time)
-short life span
- short generation time
Term
What is a Meganeura?
Definition
Extinct dragonfly with wingspan of 24 inches!
Term
The importance of insects being small?
Definition
1. Availably of of niches (average size 0.1-1 inch)
2. High surface area to volume ratio (helps with flight)
Term
Advantages of an exoskeleton?
Definition
1. Defense agains predators and pathogens
2. Water loss control
3. Lightweight and strong
Term
What is an exoskeleton made of?
Definition
Chitin
Term
How do insects breath?
Definition
Through their skin with tubes and ports called the tracheas and spiracles.
Term
Three major body divisions of an insect
Definition
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Term
Metamerism
Definition
A liner series of body segments similar in structure, but preform different tasks.
Term
How many legs do insects have?
Definition
Six
Term
Insect vision components and how it functions?
Definition
1. Compound eye (formed from individual visual units known as ommatidia)
2. Color-trichomatiric, polarized, visual acuity is low
Term
Wings are powered by what part of the insect body?
Definition
Thorax
Term
Are insect wings modified limbs?
Definition
No, they arose form independent structures unlike birds, bats, or pterodactyls
Term
Flight muscles require....
Definition
A heavy energy input to power flight
Term
How many wings does a apterous insect have?
Definition
0 wings
Term
How many wings does a diptera have?
Definition
2 wings (one pair)
Term
Ptera
Definition
wings
Term
Example of metamorphosis?
Definition
Larvae in cocoon changing shape and hatching into butterfly
Term
Hemimetabolous and example
Definition
Incomplete or direct metamorphosis (immature stages)
- similar in appearance, food choice, and habitat

example: grasshoppers
Term
Holometabolous and example
Definition
Complete or indirect metamorphosis
-difference in physical form, food choice and habitat

example: butterfly (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
Term
Nymph
Definition
immature stage of a hemimetabolous insect (grasshopper)
Term
larvae
Definition
Mask
Term
Imago
Definition
Image or essential form
Term
Etymology
Definition
The study of the history of words
Term
What is a species?
Definition
1. Capable of interbreeding or producing offspring.
2. Reproductively isolated from similar organisms.
3. Fundamentally similar in structure.
Term
Name all the classification system in correct order
Definition
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genera
Species (Only one that is italicized)
Term
Write the scientific name of the honey bee correctly
Definition

Typed: Alpis mellifera L.

 

Written: Alpis mellifera L.

 

 

Term
Arthropoda
Definition
Crayfish, millipedes, centipedes, spiders, mites, ticks, and insects!
Term
Shared characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda?
Definition
1. Segmented body (2-3 major body divisions?
2. Paired, segmented appendages.
3. Bilateral symmetry
4. An exoskeleton
5. Open circulatory system (with heart)
6. Paired, ventral nerve cord
Term
Three biggest classes?
Definition
Crustacea: crayfish, crabs , lobsters...
Archniada: spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions...
Insecta (or hexapoda): insects
Term
Shared characteristics of the class insecta?
Definition
1. Body with three distinct segments
2. One pair of antennae
3. Three pairs of legs (6 legs)
4. One or Two pairs of wings
5. Postoral appendages of head consist of mouthparts
Term
Apterygota
Definition
Wingless insects
Term
Pterygota
Definition
Winged insects
Term
Who is the father of taxonomy?
Definition
Theophrastus (student of Aristotle)
Term
Who is known as the "Great Latinizer"?
Definition
Carolus Linnaeus

-"Systema Naturae" published book
-Classified honeybee
Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
Classification of organisms with two words
1. generic name (genus) (capitalized)
2. specific name (species) (not capitalized, italics)
Term
Who named/classified the most insects and how many?
Definition
Francis Walker 20,000 species
Term
Charles Darwins Work
Definition
Wrote "The Origin of Species" which described natural selection.
Term
What is natural selection
Definition
"Survival of the fittest" (how well you pass your offspring into the next generation.
Term
What are the 5 principles of natural selection?
Definition
1. Natality (more individual are born then will survive and reproduce)

2. Variability (variation between individuals)

3. Survivorship (individuals with certain characteristics have a better chance of surviving and reproducing.

4. Heritability (at least some characteristics are passed on to next generation)

5. Time (need time to evolve)
Term
How is paleoentomology important?
Definition
1. It can be used to trace the outlines of insect evolution (using phylogeny).
2. Lets us see the structure of past insects.
Term
Micro-evolution
Definition
Changes in populations that happened in a time scale of decades.
Term
Speciation
Definition
Changes over a long time grace that result in the appearance of a new species (hundreds of thousands of years)
Term
Macro-evolution
Definition
Major changes in phylogenetic patterns over long time scales and broad geographical areas.
Term
During what era did insects first appear?
Definition
Devonian (400 mya)
Term
Insects evolved from...? name two examples
Definition
worms!!

Silverfish and Springtail
Term
Coleoptera
Definition
Beatles
Term
Evolutionary time frame of insects
Definition
Origin of insects 400 mya
Wings (Paleopterous) 350 mya
Wing Flexion (neopterous) 300 mya
Complete Metamorphosis 290 mya
Term
Where do moths originate from?
Definition
China
Term
instar
Definition
insect stage between molt and adult
Term
Where does silk come from and what can be made from it?
Definition
Cocons from a mature moth larvae

Clothing, string
Term
Lac, what is it? who makes it?
Definition
It is a resin made from insects (cochineal) and used to make varnish, dyes, and insulation material.
Term
What insect produces paper?
Definition
Paper wasps

latin waesp=to weave
Term
Ink, where does it come from?
Definition
Oak Galls (insects lay eggs into plant tissue)
Term
Filature
Definition
The process of drawing fibers into threads
Term
What is the greatest contribution of the honey bees?
Definition
Pollination
Term
Beekeeping prior to 1853
Definition
Skep hive (made of clay, mud, and straw)
-inefficient and wasteful
Term
What is Apiculture?
Definition
The management of honey bees
Term
Difference between European and African bees?
Definition
European (stay still and adapt to temperate climates)
African (migrate to warmer climates and are more aggressive)
Term
Beekeeping after 1853
Definition
Box with removable top frames and space for between each frame for bees to work
Term
What is honey?
Definition
A saturated solution of carbohydrates (mostly sugar).
Term
Honey bee products?
Definition
1. Honey
2. Wax
3. Pollen, venom, royal jelly
4. Pollination services
Term
Obligate Parasites
Definition
Only live within humans
Term
Facultative Parasites
Definition
Primarily live on animals, but can live on humans. (more gross)
Term
What are the three types of lice?
Definition
1. Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitus)
2. Body Louse (Pediculus humanus humanus)
3. Crab Louse (Pthirus pubis)
Term
Historical perspective on humans bathing?
Definition
Laws either banned or limit bathing.

bathing=promiscuity
Term
What is motorized dandruff?
Definition
Head lice
Term
Treatments for head lice?
Definition
Lice killing shampoo (Nix, Rid, Pronto...)
Term
Where is body louse found?
Definition
1. Clothes
2. On you, but only when you're sleeping
Term
How to get rid of body louse?
Definition
Allogrooming
DDT
Whirlpool washing
Term
Where does crab louse found?
Definition
Pubic region (lay up to 30 eggs)
Considered an STI
Term
Types of Facultative Parasites of Humans?
Definition
1. The human flea
2. Human bot fly (lay eggs on mosquitos)
3. Sand flea (larvae crawl out of your feet)
4. Bed bugs
Term
What are the two types of songs played by orthopteran insects?
Definition
1. Calling females
2. Fighting and territorial behavior
Term
What is stridulation?
Definition
The rubbing of two surfaces with one another
Term
Why were crickets praised in Chinese and Japanese culture?
Definition
Their musical behavior.
-Unlike birds who fly when they sung a little crickets didn't
Term
Well known artist that depicted insects in their art?
Definition
Salvador Dali
Vincent Van Gogh
Adriaen Coorte
Term
Tribe that depicted insects?
Definition
Hopi Tribe
Term
Famous poets that depicted insects in their poems?
Definition
Shakespeare
John Wolcott
Robert burns
Term
What does the sacred scarab represent in Egyptian culture?
Definition
Metaphor for the afterlife
Term
Who is beelzebub?
Definition
"Lord of the Flies"

viewed as being evil
Term
What makes a social insect?
Definition
1. Reproduction division of labor
2. Cooperative brood care by siblings
3. Overlap of generations
Term
Insects in the Bible and the Koran
Definition
120 referenced insects in the bible
Both use insects as metaphors
Term
Insects and witchcraft
Definition
Insects represented devil
Term
Where do Africanized honey bees fit in?
Definition
Same classification (genus and species) but different subspecies.
Term
Differences between AHB and EHB?
Definition
AHB have smaller nesting colonies, are more aggressive, and they migrate to warmer climates.
Term
Problems with AHB?
Definition
More agressive
Term
Current distribution of AHB?
Definition
Southern U.S. heading north. Found in warmer climates
Term
Types of wound debridements?
Definition
magots: eat dead flesh/ tissue
blow flies: good
flesh flies: bad
Term
Medicinal properties of honey
Definition
burns
abrasions
bed wetting
insomnia
Term
Insect sutures
Definition
soldier ants
Term
Insect aphrodisiacs
Definition
Spanish fly
Term
Historic use of insects as medicine?
Definition
cockroach soup
earwigs
bed bug broth
hairy insect
eating live spiders
Term
Modes of action of dangerous insects
Definition
bites
stings
allergies
dermatitis
myiasis
psychological disorders
Term
Venomous Hymenoptera examples?
Definition
wasp
bee
ants
Term
Allergic vs toxic response
Definition
Allergic: swelling, sore, small period of time, itchy.
Toxic: Systematic reaction, life threatening.
Term
Anaphylaxis of venomous Hymenoptera?
Definition
swelling
rash
vascular response: dizziness
reparatory response: trouble breathing
fever
Term
Other dangerous insects besides Hymenoptera?
Definition
caterpillars
Hemiptera
coleptera
Term
Psychological aspects of dangerous insects?
Definition
Entomophobia: fear of any insects
Supporting users have an ad free experience!