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Enlightenment
Enlightenment Quiz
49
History
10th Grade
09/19/2012

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Term
What did Hobbes believe all humans were?
Definition
Selfish and wicked
Term
What did Hobbes believe about how humans would live if there was no government?
Definition
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short lives.
Term
What did Hobbes believe "The Social Contract" was?
Definition
It was when people gave up their right to a strong leader to get law and order in return.
Term
What kind of government did Hobbes favor?
Definition
Absolute Monarchy
Term
What did Hobbes believe the government was meant for?
Definition
To impose order and demand obedience
Term
What did Hobbes and Locke both agree on?
Definition
That before government, there was a free state of nature.
Term
What did Locke believe about people?
Definition
That they could learn from experiences and improve
Term
What ability did Locke believe people had?
Definition
They had the ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society.
Term
What governments did Locke favor?
Definition
Self-government and Constitiutional Monarchy.
Term
What did Locke believe people were born with?
Definition
They were born free with 3 natural rights.
Term
What are the 3 natural rights?
Definition
Life, Liberty, and Property
Term
What did Locke believe the purpose of government was?
Definition
To protect the peoples' natural rights.
Term
What was Locke's view of the social contract?
Definition

People agree to follow the laws and give up absolute freedom.

Governemtn agrees to protect their rights

Term
What did Locke say about what happens if the governemnt fails to protect peoples' rights?
Definition
That the people can overthrow it.
Term
What is the justification of Locke's views of overthrowing the government?
Definition
Revolution
Term
Who did Locke believe made the government, and how it stayed?
Definition
Government by the consent of the governed.
Term
What did Locke inspire?
Definition
The foundation of modern democracy and the struggles for liberty in Europe and the Americas.
Term
What is another phrase for the Enlightenment?
Definition
The Age of Reason
Term
What caused the Enlightenment to happen?
Definition
The Scientific Revolution
Term
When did the philosophes come to be?
Definition
The mid 1700s
Term
Where did the philosophes originate?
Definition
Paris, France
Term
What did the Philosphes do?
Definition
They analyzed evils and proposed reforms
Term
What were the Philosophes?
Definition
The social critics of this time that believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life
Term
What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Reason?
Definition
The truth is discovered through reason or logicial thought. This was because there was an absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice in thinking.
Term
What did the Philosophes think about the concept of Nature?
Definition
What was natural was good and reasonable. Also, that there were natural laws of economics and politics.
Term
What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Happiness?
Definition
That the person who lived by nature's laws could find it. They disagreed with the medieval notion that people should accept misery in this world to find joy in heaven.
Term
What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Progress?
Definition
That society and humans could improve with a scientific approach.
Term
What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Liberty?
Definition
Looked as the English as an example. They disagreed with France's government. They thought through reason, society would be set free.
Term
What did Voltaire believe about what the government should allow?
Definition
The freedom of speech, thought, and expression. Also, religious tolerance and freedom. 
Term
What did Motesquieu believe government should have?
Definition
A seperation of powers. Executive-carry out laws. Legislative-Create laws. Judicial-interpret laws. Each branch should check the other.
Term
What did Montesquieu's ideas create?
Definition
The system of checks and balances. 
Term
What were Rousseau's beliefs and views of government?
Definition
Individual fredom, same ideas as Locke on the social contract, Direct Democracy, and that the titles of nobility should be abolished.
Term
How did Rousseau believe government was made and how it stayed in power?
Definition
Formed by the people and guided by the general will of society.
Term
What were Baccaria's beliefs and his views of government?
Definition
He wanted to stop the abuses of justice, to give rights to the people accused, and abolish torture.
Term
What did Wollstonecraft believe in, how did she think it would be accomplished, and what did she create?
Definition
Women's equality, better education would help achieve it, and she helped inspire the first women's rights groups
Term
What were Adam Smith's beliefs?
Definition
Individuals acting in their own self-interest (free market) created economic progress.
Term
What was Adam Smith the "father" of?
Definition
Capitalism
Term
What was the book called that Adam Smith wrote, and when was it written?
Definition
Wealth of Nations written in 1776
Term
What were the three things the Enlightenment created?
Definition
Their was the belief in progress, it created a more secular outlook, and emphasized the importance of the Individual.
Term
What was the legacy of the Enlightenment left on progress?
Definition
There was a growth in scientific knowledge, discoveries in chemistry, physics, biology, and mechanics. It made people see that reason could help solve social problems. It lastly heelped social equality and improve education.
Term
How did the Enlightenment's legacy affect the secular outlook on life?
Definition
It made people openly question religious beliefs and teachings of the church. Scientists discovered that the mysteries of God could be explained mathematically. It also made some want to rid religious faith of superstition and fear, and it promoted the tolerance of all religions.
Term
How did the legacy of the Enlightenment affect the ideas of the importance of the Individual?
Definition
They looked at themselves instead of the church or royalty for guidence. People used their own ability to reason to judge what is right and wrong.
Term
What was the role of Salons in the Enlightenment?
Definition
They were social gatherings where philosophers, writers, artists, scientists discussed ideas.
Term
What was the Diderot's Encyclopedia?
Definition
It was a large set of books with writings and ideas from leading scholars in Europe.
Term
What was the reaction of Diderot's Encyclopedia?
Definition
Church and French gov. said it undermined royal authority, encourage a spirit of revolt, and festored moral corruption, irreligion, and unbelief.
Term
What was the music in this period, and who were famous composers? 
Definition
Classical : Haydn, Mozart, and Bethoven
Term
What is despot?
Definition
Absolute ruler
Term
What was an elightened despot?
Definition
Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and reforms, but still kept their absolute power. 
Term
What the enlightened despots want?
Definition
They wanted to make their countries stronger and their rule more effective.
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