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Enlightenment
Vocabulary, Important People, and Important Information
21
History
9th Grade
04/13/2011

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Term
Montesquieu
Definition
“The powers of government should be separated into… branches, to prevent any one group or individual from gaining too much power”
Term
Voltaire
Definition
“I may not agree with what you say, but I would go to my death defending your right to say it”.
Term
Rousseau
Definition
People are basically good (“noble savage”) but become corrupted by society.
Term
Locke
Definition
"Men being by nature all free, equal, an independent, now no one can be put out of this estate and subjected to political power of another without his consent”.
Term
Bayle
Definition
Humanity’s best hope is open minded toleration
Term
Fontenelle
Definition
All people have a right to understand highly complicated, scientific findings.
Term
French;Philosophes;
France was such a hotbed for philosophical thought during the Enlightenment because of salons, published works from philosophes, and rule that which people cannot talk about the Church or the state.
Definition
The brilliant band of mainly ___________ thinkers, known as the ____________, played an instrumental part in the creation of the Enlightenment. Why was France such a hot bed for philosophical thoughts during the Enlightenment?
Term
The Essay Concerning Human Understanding;
The theory set forth in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding is how human beings learn and form new ideas, born with a blank tablet and that all ideas derive from experience.
Definition
In John Locke’s essay, ________________________, rejected Descartes prevailing view on human understanding. Explain the theory john Locke set forth in his essay.
Term
Satire;
Two other ways the philosophes side stepped the government and churches to convey this new way of thinking to others was the use of pen names, and salons.
Definition
The philosophes often delivered strong social and political criticism in the form of _____________ so their plays and novels would be entertaining, but would not be censored or banned. Explain at least two other ways the philosophes side stepped the government and churches to convey this new way of thinking to others.
Term
Reformer;Revolutionary;
A reformer is a person who changes for the common good and reforms something. A revolutionary is a person who changes for themselves and breaks away from a group.
Definition
Voltaire was known to be the most famous and in many ways, the most representative, philosophe during the enlightenment. He was labeled as a ____________ and not a ______________. Explain the difference between the two types of leaders.
Term
Persian Letters
Definition
-Montesquieu
-social satire
-supposedly written by Persian travelers who see European custom in weird ways
Term
Diest
Definition
believer in a great clockmaker who built an orderly universe and then stepped aside to let it run
Term
Skepticism
Definition
doubt; questioning
Term
Salon
Definition
elegant drawing room
Term
The three central concepts that stood out during the Enlightenment are reason, scientific method, and progress. Reason is to commit everything to rational critical examination. Scientific method is a way of reasoning using experimentation and reasoning. Progress is to improve society via education and humanitarianism. Social science is academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world.
Definition
In the rich diversity of the Enlightenment, three central concepts stood out. Discuss the three concepts in depth by using specific support and relevant vocabulary. Be sure to incorporate the terms social science into you answer. Reason scientific method and progress
Term
A very real crisis in European thought was evident at the end of the 17th century. Three of the four uncertainties are dissatisfactions, religious truth, and travel literature. Religious truth was that both Cahtolics and Protestants thought their religion was absolute truth. Absolute truth is true no matter what. Relative truth is dependent on the relation to something else.
Definition
A very real crisis in European thought was evident at the end of the 17th century. Discuss at least three of the four uncertainties or dissatisfactions during this time in depth by using specific support and relevant vocabulary. Be sure to explain absolute vs. relative truth.
Term
Francois-Marie Arouet
Definition
What is Voltaire’s birth name?
Term
Voltaire
Definition
Who was considered to be a celebrity of his time?
Term
Rousseau
Definition
Which philosophe was one of the first to write a tell-all memoir?
Term
Madame Geoffrin
Definition
Who was known as the Godmother of the 17th vol. Encyclopedia?
Term
Legal Relativism
Definition
any theory holding criteria of judgement
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