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Endocrine
Pathology
86
Pathology
Graduate
01/17/2014

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
symptoms of prolactinoma
Definition
low libido, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopia, amenorrhea, infertility
Term
symptoms of acromegaly
Definition
large tongue, deep voice, largee hands and feet, coarse facial features, impaired glucose tolerance
Term
acremegaly treatment
Definition
octreotide
Term
acromegaly diagnosis
Definition
increased serum IGF-1
Term
#1 cause of cushings
Definition
iatrogenis steroids
Term
most common endogenous cause of cushing's
Definition
ACTH pituitary tumor
Term
2 other causes of cushings
Definition
ectopic ACTH (small cell lung, bronchial carcinoids), adrenal adenoma
Term
moon facies, truncal obesity, buffalo hum, hyperglycemia, skin changes, osteoporosis
Definition
cushings
Term
dexamethasone doesn't suppress at low doses but does at high doses
Definition
ACTH producing pituitary tumor
Term
dexamethosone doesn't suppress
Definition
ectopic ACTH and adrenal ademona
Term
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low renin
Definition
primary hyperaldosteronism
Term
hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and high renin
Definition
secondary hyperaldosteronism
Term
Conn's hormone
Definition
increased aldosterone
Term
cushings hormone
Definition
increased cortisol
Term
primary hyperaldosterone tx
Definition
remove tumor or spironolactone
Term
cause of addison's
Definition
adrenal atrophy or destruction by autoimmune disease
Term
addisons hormone
Definition
decreased aldosterone and decreased cortisol
Term
hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperpigmentation
Definition
chronic primary adrenal insufficiency
Term
hypotension, acidosis and no hyper pigmentation and no hyperkalemia
Definition
secondary adrenal insufficiency
Term
adrenal hemorrhage ith N meningiditis
Definition
waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (acute primary adrenal insufficiency)
Term
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
Definition
pheochromocytoma
Term
rule of 10s for pheochromocytoma
Definition
10% malignant, 10% bilateral, 10% extra-adrenal, 10% calcify, 10% kids, 10% familial
Term
dx of pheochromocytoma
Definition
urinary VMA
Term
pheochromocytoma tx
Definition
phenoxybenzamine
Term
5Ps of pheochromocytoma
Definition
Pressure, Pain, Perspiration, Palpitations, pallor
Term
adrenal medulla tumor in children
Definition
neuroblastoma
Term
N-myc
Definition
neuroblastoma
Term
bombesin
Definition
tumor marker for neuroblastoma
Term
homer-wright pseudorosettes
Definition
neuroblastoma
Term
tumors in MEN 1
Definition
prathyroid, pituitary, pancreas
Term
tumors in MEN 2A
Definition
medullary thyroid, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid
Term
tumors in medullary 2B
Definition
medullary thyroid, pheochromocytoma, oral ganglioneuromatosis
Term
hypothyroid vs. hyperthyroid
Definition
hypo- slows down; increased TSH and low T3/T4
hyper- speeds up; decreased TSH and high T3/T4
Term
most common cause of hypothyroid
Definition
hashimoto's
Term
Ab in hashimoto
Definition
antimicrosomal and anthithyroglobulin
Term
hurthle cells
Definition
hashimoto
Term
increased risk for hodgkins lymphoma
Definition
hashimoto
Term
endemic cretinism
Definition
lack of dietary iodine
Term
sporadic cretinism
Definition
defect in T4 formation or developmental failure in thyroid formation
Term
pot-bellied, pale, puffy face, protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue
Definition
cretinism
Term
tender thyroid
Definition
subacute (de Quervains)
Term
granulomas in thyroid
Definition
subacute (de quervains)
Term
thyroid replaced by fibrous hard (rock-like) tissue, painless goiter
Definition
Reidel's
Term
TSH receptorm antibodies
Definition
grave's
Term
proptosis, pretibial myxedema
Definition
graves
Term
graves tx
Definition
thyroid ablation
Term
thyroid storm
Definition
stress-induced cateholamine surge leading to death by arrhythmia
Term
thyroid storm tx
Definition
propranolol
Term
focal patches of hyper functioning follicular cells working independently of TSH
Definition
toxic multinodular goiter
Term
jod-basedow phenomenon
Definition
thyrotoxicosis if patient with iodine deficiency is made iodine replete
Term
ground glass nuclei, psammoma bodies
Definition
papillary
Term
increased risk with childhood irradiation
Definition
Term
uniform follicles, RAS, good prognosis
Definition
follicular
Term
sheets of C cells in amyloid stroma
Definition
medullary
Term
older pts, poor prognosis thyroid CA
Definition
undifferentiated
Term
thyroid CA associated with hashimotos
Definition
lymphoma
Term
polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, weight loss
Definition
DM
Term
hyperosmolar coma
Definition
type II DM
Term
DKA
Definition
type I DM
Term
NEG leads to
Definition
retionpathy, nephropathy and glaucoma
Term
osmotic damage leads to
Definition
neuropathy and cataracts
Term
kimmelstiel-wilson nodules
Definition
DM
Term
DM tests
Definition
fasting glucose, HbA1c, glucose tolerance test
Term
type I vs II DM: autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Definition
type I
Term
type I vs II DM: increased resistance to insulin
Definition
type II
Term
type I vs II DM: insulin tx
Definition
always Type I
sometimes type II
Term
type I vs II DM: age <30
Definition
type I
Term
type I vs II DM: age >40
Definition
type II
Term
type I vs II DM: strong genetic predisposition
Definition
type II
Term
type I vs II DM: HLA DR3 and 4
Definition
type I
Term
type I vs II DM: islet leukocytic infiltrate
Definition
type I
Term
type I vs II DM: islet amyloid deposit
Definition
type II
Term
kussmaul respirations, N/V, fruity breath
Definition
DKA
Term
K in DKA
Definition
increased
Term
bicarb in DKA
Definition
decreased
Term
DKA complications
Definition
mucor, cerebral edema, arrhythmias, heart failure
Term
DKA tx
Definition
fluids, insulin and K
Term
causes of DKA
Definition
infection, miss medication, medical illness, undiagnosed DM, dehydration, alcohol or drug, coricosteroids
Term
glucose >800, no Kussmaul, high osmolarity
Definition
hyperosmolar coma
Term
hyperosmolar tx
Definition
fluids, insulin
Term
primary hyperparthyroid
- cause
- symptoms
- labs
Definition
- adenoma
- stones, bones, grains and psychic moans
- Inc = Ca, PTH, ALP, cAMP (urine)
Dec = phosphate
Term
secondary hyerparathyroid
- cause
- symptoms
- labs
Definition
- dec Ca absorption in Gut and inc phos 2/2 chronic renal dx
- renal osteodystrophy = bone lesions
- Inc: phos, ALP, PTH
Dec = Ca
Term
tertiary hyperparthyroid
Definition
refractory hyperparathyroid from chronic renal disease; super inc PTH, inc Ca
Term
causes of hypoparathyroidism
Definition
accidental surgical excision, autoimmune, Digeorge
Term
hypoparthyroid symptoms
Definition
Chvosteks= tap cheek and contract facial mm
Trousseau = tighten BP cuff -> carpal spasm
Term
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
Definition
pseudohypoparthyroidism; kidney unresponsive to PTH, shortened 4th and 5th digits, short stature
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