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Endocrine
Syetsm
28
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/15/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
Definition

- Anterior Pituitary with releasing factors

- protein

- targets muscle and bone

- induces growth

- hyper leads to giantism

- hypo leads to hypophyseal infantalism

Term
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Definition

-Anterior Pituitary with Releasing factors

- Tropic Protein

- Targets the Thyroid Gland

- Hyper leads to a goider/ overactive thyroid

- Hypo leads to underactive thyroid

Term
Folical Stimulating and Lutenizing Hormone
Definition

- Anterior Pituitary and Releasing Factors

-Tropic Protein

- Targets Ovaries and Testes

- Stimulates production of egg and sperm (LH)

- Stimulates ovaries and testes

- Hyper: more eggs and sperm

- Hypo: less eggs and sperm

Term
Melatonin
Definition

- Produced in the Pineal Gland

- amine

- involved in piological rythms 

- light and dark cycles

Term
CALCITONIN
Definition

- controls calcium level in the blood

- reduces calcium uptake in the kidney aka blood calcium level

- peptide (created in thyrpoid)

-deposits the calcium in the blood

- stimulated by rising calcium levels

 

Term
Parathyroid Hormone
Definition

-peptide (parathyroid gland)

- raises blood calcium level

- takes calcium out of bones nd puts it in the kidneys and intestines

- homeostasis is at 10mg/100mg

Term
Antidieuretic Hormone (Vasopressin)
Definition

- Hypothalamus --> posterior pituitary for storage

- hormone

- targets kidneys

- maintains homeostasis of water

- hyper : edema

- hypo : dehydration

 

Term
Oxytocin
Definition

- fat like an ox when you're pregnant

- protein

- mammory glands/ uterine muscles

- stimulates contraction of uterus and mammory gland cells

- hyper: early and fast delivery

- hypo: late and slow delivery

Term
Alpha Cells/ glucagon
Definition

- produced by pancreas

- raises blood glucose level

- it's a protein

- targets the liver

- hyper: glucouria, ketosis, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

-hypo: hypoglycemia

- release glucagon to hydrolyze glucose molecules

 

 

homeostasis: 90mg/100mg

Term
Beta Cells/ Insulin
Definition

- produced by the pancreas

- targets liver

- lowers blood glucose level

- releases insuline

- hyper: hypoglycemia

- hypo: hyperglycemia

- takes sugar out of blood via insulin, lowering blood sugar levels.

Term
Endorphins
Definition

- Anterior Pituitary

- Peptides

- Targets Pain Receptors in the brain

- deadens pain

- hyper: you feel no pain

- hypo: you feel lots of pain

Term
Epinephrin and Norepinephrin
Definition

- adrenal medulla

- amine

- raises blood glucose levels, increases metabolic activities, constrics certain blood vessels

 

Term
Flight or Fight
Definition

Causes flight or fight but prefers fleeing, gives unbelievable powers, blood vessels dilate bringing lots of oxygen in at once at a faster rate and converts glycogen to sugar a lot faster, blood vessels of digestive and reproductive systems and skin compress and heart vessels open wider

Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition

-large goiter

- tall, skinny, hyper

- exothalmic, build up of water behind eyes that creates bulging eyes

Term
thyroid
Definition

- creates thyroxine and iodine

- stimulates metabolism

Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition

- large goiter

- fat and lazy

 

Term
Thyoxine
Definition

- everywhere

- metabolism

- speeds up metabolism

- hyperthyroidism

- hypothyroidism

Term
Steriod
Definition

- lipids (can go through lipid bilayer)

- manufactured by chloresterol

- end in on/en

- receptor is located in either the cytoplasm or neucleoplasm

- receptor than translates it into MRNA

- which is translated into a specific protein

Term
Mineralocortocoids
Definition

- Adrenal Cortex

-steroid

- promotes reabsorption of NA and excretion of K in the kidneys

- increases blood volume and presser

- hypersecretion: cushings

- hyposecretion: Addisons

 

Term
Estrogen/Progesterone
Definition

- produced in the ovaries

- steroids

- estrogen stimulates uterine lining growth, and female secondary sex characteristics

- promotes uterine lining growht (FSH and LH)

 

Term
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Definition

- deveolped in the anterior pituitary

- peptide

- stimullates adrenal cortx to secrete glucocoticoids

- targets adrenal cortex gland

Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition

- release to inside organism

- ductless

-travel through blood system

 

PATH

- stim

- protein or sensory neuron

- hypothalamus / pp

- blood vessels

- target cells

-response

Term
Exocrine
Definition

- release to outside organism

- have ducts

- sweat

- salivary

- lacrymal

- sebaceous (oily hair)

- mammory (milk production)

Term
Testosterone and other Androgens
Definition

- produced in the testes

- steroid

- hypothalamus (n.f) and secondary sex areas

- puberty

- hyper :more manly

- hypo: less manly

Term
Cortico SEx Hormones
Definition

- produced in adrenal cortex

- steroid

- primary sex development

- hyper : adrenogenital syndrome

- hypo: eunuch

Term
Prolactin
Definition

- Anterior

- Peptide

- Mammory Glands

- Produces MIlk

- hyper: excess

- hypo: none

Term
Non Steroid Proteins
Definition

- hormones --> protein

- end in ine

- goes to all cells

- but only those with a receptor protein

- sets off signal transduction

-like a domino effect

- results in either a cytoplasmic or a nuclear response

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