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Endocrine system
A&P
43
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
05/12/2009

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Term
Exocrine
Definition
secrete into ducts, ex- salivary, sweat
Term
Endocrine
Definition
ductless, secrete hormones into extracellular space and distributed by blood
Term
definition of hormone
Definition
messenger molecules released from the endocrine glands and carried throughout the body by blood
Term
what do hormones do in our body?
Definition
alter the target cells activities
Term
what are the four ways hormones alter target cells activities?
Definition
1- alter plasma membrane permeability by opening and closing channels.2- stimulate synthesis of proteins and enzymes.3- ..........?????????
Term
ACTH target?
Definition
adrenal cortex
Term
TSH target?
Definition
thyroid gland
Term
largest classification of hormones?
Definition
protein and aa based
Term
three different classifications of hormones?
Definition
protein/aa based, steroids, and amines
Term
examples of protein/aa based hormones?
Definition
oxytocin, insulin, thyroid hormone
Term
steroid hormones are synthesized by ________>
Definition
cholesterol
Term
gonadal and adrenocortical hormones are....
Definition
steroid hormones
Term
Amine hormones include....
Definition
epinephrine, NE, and thyroid hormones
Term
hydrophilic hormones include...
Definition
monoamines and peptides (must bind to cell surface receptor)
Term
hydrophobic hormones include....
Definition
steroids hormones and thyroid hormones
Term
T of F: hydrophobic hormones penetrate plasma membrane.
Definition
true
Term
hormones that bind to intracellular receptors: hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Definition
hydrophobic
Term
two parts of the pituitary gland
Definition
posterior (neurohypophysis) and anterior (adenohypophysis)
Term
anterior pituitary is controlled by the....
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
axis
Definition
the relationship between the hypothalamus, pituitary and another endocrine gland
Term
tropic hormones
Definition
hormones that control other glands
Term
TRH in hypothalamus stimulates ____ in anterior pituitary
Definition
TSH
Term
CRH in hypothalamus activates _____ in anterior pituitary.
Definition
ACTH
Term
anterior pituitary growth hormone targets
Definition
bones, cartilage, liver and skeltal muscles
Term
anterior pituitary growth hormone stimulates...
Definition
protein synthesis, CHO and protein metabolism
Term
diabetogenic effect
Definition
less glucose used for energy
Term
FSH
Definition
stimulate development of follicles and eggs, and production of sperm
Term
LH
Definition
stimulates ovulation, and secretion of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone
Term
TSH/thyrotropin
Definition
stimulate growth of thyroid gland and secretion of thyroid hormone
Term
ACTH/corticotropin
Definition
regulates response to stress by stimulating adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids
Term
Prolactin
Definition
milk synthesis after delivery
Term
what does prolactin do to males?
Definition
increase LH sensitivity thus increasing testosterone secretion
Term
two posterior pituitary hormones?
Definition
oxytocin and ADH
Term
what does oxytocin due and what are target tissues?
Definition
increases contractoin of uterus during delivery and stimulates milk ejection. targets mothers uterus and breasts
Term
What does ADH stimulate?
Definition
reabsorption of water by kidney tubules, increases water retention
Term
two principle thyroid hormones
Definition
thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Term
T3 and T4 are regulated by
Definition
TSH
Term
thyroid hormones regulate....
Definition
oxygen use and metabolic rate and cellular metabolism, growth and development
Term
Where do thyroid hormones bind to?
Definition
recpetors on mitochondria ribosomes and nucleus
Term
Parathyroid hormone with the help of ___maintains homeostasis of ___ and ____ ions.
Definition
calcitonin; ca++ ; phosphate
Term
PTH increases or decrease Ca++ in blood?
Definition
increases
Term
renin angiotensin mechanisms controls the secretion of...
Definition
aldosterone
Term
alpha cells and beta cells are _______ hormones
Definition
pancreatic
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