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Details

Endocrine-ICM
Diabetes Mellitus
22
Medical
Graduate
10/29/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the common symptoms of Diabetes
Definition

Polydipsia

Polyuria

Polyphagia

Blurred Vision

Term
What is the diagnostic criterea of Diabetes and Pre-diabetes
Definition

Diabetes

Fasting Glucose >126 with second confirmation

Random Glucose >200 with symptoms

Glucose >200 Glucose Tolerance Test

Pre-Diabetes

Fasting Glucose 100-125

Glucose 140-199 Glucose Tolerance Test

Term
What are some common characteristics of the two major types of Diabetes
Definition

Type 1: HLA Association, DKA, Younger

Type II: High Concordance, HHNK, Older/Intraabdominal Obesity, Family History

Term
What is the most likely cause of diabetes type 1
Definition
Autoimmune disease set off by an environmental factor in an immunosuseptible individual
Term
What is the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes
Definition

Intraabdominal Fat Secretes factors that may impair insulin sensitivity

ROS's, AGE's, Incretin Deficiency-> Beta loss/dysfunction

Glucagon increase and Incretin deficiency-> increased liver glucose production

 

Term
How do you screen a pregnant woman for gestational diabetes?
Definition

Glucose >140 Post-50 gm Oral Glucose

Then 3 Hr OGTT (2 Positive=Diagnosis)

Fasting>95

1 hr >180

2 hr >155

3 hr >140

Term
What is a common complication in Post-partem Gestational diabetic patients
Definition
Diabetes Type II
Term
What are some unusual causes of Diabetes
Definition

Pancreatic

LADA

MODY

Autosomal Dominant (signaling disruption)

Term
What are the acute and chronic complications of diabetes
Definition

Acute: Ketoacidosis, HHNK caused by infections or non-compliance

Chronic: Macrovascular: Stoke, Heart Disease

Microvascular: Blindness(Proliferative and Non-proliferative), Kidney disease, Nerve damage/Amputation(Typically start distally)

Term
What is the most effective treatment in Pre-diabetes
Definition
Weightloss
Term
What are the goals for glucose control in a diabetic
Definition

fasting 90-130

Postprandial <180

A1C <7%

Term
what are the potential problems with using A1C as a dianosis for diabetes
Definition

Flase(+) Anemias/Thalassemias

False(-) Hemolysis, Blood Loss, Anemia Rx

Doesn't show acute rises

Term
What does the evidence suggest about the effectiveness of diabetes treatment in reducing complications
Definition
Reduces Microvascular complications, but macrovascular complications are inconclusive
Term
When is insulin used to treat diabetes?
Definition

Type 1

Symptomatic

Oral Med failure

Hospitalized for high glucose

Pregnant women

 

Term
What is the mechanism of action of Metformin and when is it contraindicated
Definition

Reduces the genesis of glucose by the liver

Risk of Lactic Acidosis, CHF or Renal Failure

Term
What is the mechanism of Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides
Definition
Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells
Term
What is the mechanism of action of Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and their side effects
Definition

Decrease intestinal absorption of Glucose

Sides: (GI Signs)Flatulence, diarrhea, Ab Pain

Term
What is the mechanism of action of Thiazolidenediones and when is it contraindicated
Definition

Insulin Sensitizers for peripheral tissues

Contra: CHF and Liver Disease bc of Fluid retention

Term
What are the GLP analogs, when are they used and what are their problems, what is their mechanism of action?
Definition

Exenatide, Liraglutide

Oral med failure

GI problems with overeating

Mechanisms: Decrease High Glucagon, Slow Emptying, Sensitize Beta cells

Term
What is the main difference between the GLP 1 analog(Exenatide) and Amylin(pramlinitide) analogs
Definition
Amylin analogs do not sensitize beta cells
Term
What are the DPP 4 Inhibitors, what is their mechanism 
Definition

Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin

Increase levels of GLP 1 and GIP by inhibiting their degradation

Term
What glucose level is considered hypoglycemia and how is it treated
Definition

<70

Simple carbohydrates

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