Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Endocrine 7
Endocrine First Aid 2012
20
Medical
Professional
06/10/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Primary Hyperparathyroidism:

- cause

- 3 lab findings

Definition

Cause: adenoma (usually)

Labs: ↑PTH, ↑Ca2+, ↑cAMP in urine

Term

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism:

- cause

- 2 lab findings

Definition

Cause: from decreased intestinal Ca2+ and phosphate absorption (secondary to low vit. D in renal disease)

Labs: ↑PTH, ↓Ca2+

Term

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism:

- cause

- lab findings

Definition

Cause: non-responsive hyperparathyroidism from chronic renal disease

Labs: ↑↑PTH, ↑Ca2+

Term
3 symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism
Definition

Stones, bones, and groans:

calcium kidney stones

bone pain from osteitis fibrosa cystica

constipation

Term
What is renal osteodystrophy?
Definition
bone lesions due to secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to renal disease
Term
What is osteitis fibrosa cystica?
Definition
cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue (in primary hyperparathyroidism)
Term
3 causes of hypoparathyroidism
Definition

Accidental surgical excision

Autoimmune destruction

DiGeorge syndrome

Term
4 findings in hypoparathyroidism
Definition

Hypocalcemia

Tetany

Chvostek's sign- tapping of facial nerve causes contraction of facial muscles

Trousseau's sign- occlusion of brachial artery with BP cuff causes carpal spasm

Term

What is pseudohypoparathyroidism?

Give 2 lab findings

Give 2 physical findings

Definition

Is aka Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy:

Autosomal dominant kidney unresponsiveness to PTH

Labs: ↑PTH, ↓Ca2+

Physical: shortened 4th and 5th digits, short stature

Term
How do you treat pituitary adenomas?
Definition
Bromocriptine or cabergoline (dopamine agonists)
Term

What is acromegaly?

Give 5 signs/symptoms

Definition

Excess GH in adults (usually from a pituitary adenoma)

 

large tongue with deep furrows

deep voice

large hands and feet

coarse facial features

insulin resistance

Term
What is gigantism?
Definition

Acromegaly- Excess GH in children (increased linear bone growth)

 

(usually from a pituitary adenoma)

Term
How to treat excess acromegaly?
Definition
resect tumor and follow with octreotide administration (a somatostatin analogue)
Term
When does GH normally increase? (3)
Definition

stress

exercise

hypoglycemia

Term
How do you diagnose acromegaly? (2)
Definition
Increase serum IGF-1 and failure to suppress serum GH following oral glucose tolerance test
Term
What causes central vs. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Definition

Can't concentrate urine because:

central: no ADH

nephrogenic: lack of renal response to ADH

Term
Name 4 causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Definition

Hereditary

2° to hypercalcemia

2° to lithium

2° to demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)

Term
What do you give to treat central DI?
Definition
intranasal desmopressin (ADH analogue)
Term
What do you give to treat nephrogenic DI? (3)
Definition

Hydrochlorothiazide

Indomethacin

Amiloride

Term
What result of a desmopressin test distinguishes between central and nephrogenic DI?
Definition

central- desmopressin administration concentrates urine

nephrogenic- desmopressin doesn't change anything

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