Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Emergency Medicine
Burns
64
Science
Graduate
07/02/2015

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Types of burns
Definition

thermal

chemical

electrical (includes lightening strikes)

radiation

inhalation injuries - can't tell they are burnt from outside

misc burns(cold weather injuries) ie frost bite

Term
thermal burns are divided into
Definition

first-degree / superficial

Second degree - superficial partial vs deep partial thickness

third degree / full thickness

fourth degree

Term

not only destroyed the skin but also damaged underlying structures

(muscle, fat, bone, ect)

Definition
fourth degree burns
Term

minimal injury

skin is red and can be painful

Definition
first degree/superficial
Term
involves the epidermis
Definition
first-degree/ superficial
Term
_______ will heal in about 7 days without scarring, only symptomatic treatment required
Definition
first-degree/superficial
Term
this type of burn is usually what a light sunburn is
Definition
first-degree / superficial
Term
treatment for first degree burns
Definition

skin gels

aloe vera gels

get out of the sun

symptomatic

Term
this burn extends into the dermis
Definition
second-degree / superficial partial thickness
Term

blistering present and very painful 

skin red and moist

Definition
second-degree / superficial partial thickness
Term
_____ spares hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands
Definition
second-degree / superficial partial thickness
Term

____ heals in 14-21 days with minimal scarring

returns to full function

Definition
second-degree / superficial partial thickness
Term
moist because there are blisters and are destroying capillaries and skin structures that contain the moisture
Definition
second-degree / superficial partial thickness
Term
damage to hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
Definition
second degree/ deep partial thickness
Term

skin blistered 

dermis pale white to yellow

does not blanch/pain is absent

Definition
second degree/ deep partial thickness
Term
_____ heals in 3 weeks - 2 months
Definition
second degree/ deep partial thickness
Term
diffucult to distinguish from full thickness
Definition
second degree/ deep partial thickness
Term
surgical debridement/skin grafting may be needed to obtain maximum function
Definition
second degree/ deep partial thickness
Term

full thickness burn in which tissue is destroyed below the hair follicle and sweat glands 

(entire skin thickness)

Definition
third degree
Term
skin is charred, pale, leathery
Definition
third degree
Term
no pain sensation
Definition
third degree
Term

all dermal elements are destroed

significal scarring 

Definition
third degree
Term
treatment for third degree burn
Definition
surgical repair and skin grafting necessary
Term
full thickness plus extends into muscle, fat, and bone
Definition
fourth degree
Term
fourth degree burns are _____
Definition
devastating/ life threatening
Term
treatment for fourth degree burns
Definition
amputation/extensive reconstruction required
Term
when you you see fourth degree burns most of the time?
Definition
high voltage electrical injuries
Term
the size of the burn is quantified as _____
Definition
the percentage of body surface area involved (BSA)
Term
Methods for determining burn size
Definition

rule of nines (adult body)

hands estimation (small and irregular burns)

Term

divides body into segments that are approximately 9% of the BSA

(can have multiples)

Definition
rules of nines
Term
perineum forms the remaining ___
Definition
1%
Term
modified for infants and children because of larger heads and smaller legs
Definition
rules of nine
Term
rules of nines
Definition
[image]
Term
child BSA
Definition
[image]
Term
burn resuscitation
Definition

examine for signs of inhalation injury

100% oxygen

rapipd endotracheal intubation for any evidence of airway compromise

cover wounds with DRY sterile dressing

prompt fluid resuscitation

monitor urinary output (foley)

assess adequacy of circulation

Term
what are some signs of inhalation injury?
Definition

erythematous vocal cords

carbon deposits

edema to oropharynx

Term
why do we cover wounds with DRY sterile dressing?
Definition

to keep infection away from the wound

No goo on major burns - in case they have to get skin graft

Term
what do we use for prompt fluid resuscitation
Definition
2 large bore IV's of lactated ringers
Term
how do we assess adequacy of circulation
Definition

cardiac monitor

vital signs/mental status

Term
what is the fluid of choice for burn resuscitation
Definition
LR
Term
prompt fluid resuscitation according to local burn resuscitation formula
Definition
Parkland formula
Term
Parkland formula
Definition

4 ml x weight (kg) x % TBSA burn 

 

give 50% total volume over the first 8 hrs after the burn

remaining 50% volume over the next 16 hrs (1/4 over each 8 hours)

Term
assessing fluid resuscitation
Definition

decreasing signs of shock - skin perfusion & VS

mental status (clear w/n 8-10 hrs)

elimination of metabolic acidosis

urinary output 

Term
General urine output
Definition
30-50 ml per hour
Term
adults - urinary output
Definition
0.5-1.0 ml/kg/hr
Term
children - urinary output
Definition
1 ml/kg/hr
Term
infants - urinary output
Definition
1-2 ml/kg/hr
Term
complications of edema
Definition

generally progresses during the first 24-48 hrs after the injury

results in constricting eschar 

Term
neck burns
Definition

may compress trachea

may obstruct airway

early intubation is indicated

Term
burn management
Definition

edema

neck burns

chest wall burns

emergent escharotomy

temperature maintenance

Term
involvement compromises lung expansion
Definition
chest wall burns
Term
chest wall burns impede _______
Definition
ventilation due to constriction
Term
evaluation of chest wall burns
Definition
marked resistance/ inability to ventilate with bag-valve-mask device
Term

prevents further ischemic injury

 

Definition
emergent escharotomy
Term
Emergency escharatomy is needed with which types of burns?
Definition

chest wall burns

circumferential 2nd-3rd degree burns of any extremity

nerve/ciculatory supply is compromised

 

Term
may provoke substantial soft tissue bleed
Definition
emergency escharatomy
Term
What burn management is used when worried about loss of function around a joint?
Definition
escharotomy
Term

If it swells too much we compromise neurovascular supply to the foot so this helps allow the foot to swell – this way circulation can still take place and they don’t lose their foot

Definition
escharotomy
Term

Required this cutting so we can ventilate that patient – skin will become scarred and leathery and wont stretch to expand

Definition
escharotomy (for chest wall burns)
Term
hypothermia produces :
Definition
vasoconstriction
Term
temperature maintenance
Definition

guard against hypothermia

increased ischemia

tissue damage/necrosis

Term

Come in big packages to wrap big areas  - even if the skin hasn’t been cleaned – these help decrease the microorganisms that go into the wound

Definition
burn sheet
Term
disposition of burned patients
Definition

consult the burn team

minor burns may be treated locally

check criteria for tranfor to a burn center

Term
Transfer criteria (American burn association)
Definition

1. second & third degree burns > 20% TBSA any age 

2. third degree > 5% TBSA any age group

3. second & third degree that involve the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, and/or major joints

4. electrical burns, including lightening injury

5. inhalation injuries 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!