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EMCC ADN EXAM 7
Chapter 48
84
Nursing
Professional
02/20/2012

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Term
The nurse recognizes that urinary elimination changes may occur even in healthy older adults because
Definition
The amount of urine retained after voiding increases.
Term
During assessment of the client with urinary incontinence, the nurse is most likely to assess for which of the following? Select all that apply.
Definition
Perineal skin irritation

Fluid intake of less than 1,500 mL/day

History of frequent urinary tract infections

A fecal impaction
Term
Which action represents the appropriate nursing management of a client wearing a condom catheter?
Definition
Check the penis for adequate circulation 30 minutes after applying.
Term
The catheter slips into the vagina during a straight catheterization of a female client. The nurse does which action?
Definition
Leaves the catheter in place and gets a new sterile catheter.
Term
Which statement indicates a need for further teaching of the home care client with a long-term indwelling catheter?
Definition
“Soaking in a warm tub bath may ease the irritation associated with the catheter.”
Term
During shift report, the nurse learns that an older female client is unable to maintain continence after she senses the urge to void and becomes incontinent on the way to the bathroom. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Definition
Urge Urinary Incontinence
Term
A female client has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which teaching points by the nurse would be helpful to the client? Select all that apply.
Definition
Review symptoms of UTI with the client.

Wear cotton underclothes.
Term
The nurse will need to assess the client’s performance of clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) for a client with which urinary diversion?
Definition
Kock pouch
Term
Which focus is the nurse most likely to teach for a client with a flaccid bladder?
Definition
Credé’s maneuver: apply gentle manual pressure to the lower abdomen.
Term
Which of the following behaviors indicates that the client on a bladder training program has met the expected outcomes? Select all that apply.
Definition
Practices slow, deep breathing until the urge decreases.

Performs pelvic muscle exercises.
Term
The most common urinary diversion is the ileal conduit or ileal loop: True or False?
Definition
True: This is a urinary diversion in which the client must wear an external pouch over the stoma to collect the continuous flow of urine
Term
The paired kidneys are situated on either side of the spinal column, behind the peritoneal cavity: True or False?
Definition
True: As well, the right side is slightly lower than the left due to the liver.
Term
What is the primary regulator of fluid and acid base balance in the body?
Definition
The kidney.
Term
Anuria
Definition
the failure of the kidneys to produce urine, resulting in a total lack of urination or output of less than 100 mL per day in an adult
Term
Bladder training
Definition
client postpones voiding, resists or inhibits the sensation of urgency, and voids according to a timetable rather than according to the urge to void
Term
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Definition
a measure of blood level of urea, the end product of protein metabolism
Term
Creatinine clearance
Definition
a test uses 24-hour urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator of renal function
Term
Cred's maneuver
Definition
manual exertion of pressure on the bladder to force urine out
Term
Detrusor muscle
Definition
the smooth muscle layers of the bladder
Term
Dialysis
Definition
the technique by which blood is filtered for the removal of body wastes and excess fluid
Term
Diuresis
Definition
the production of large amounts of urine by the kidneys without an increased fluid intake
Term
Diuretics
Definition
agents that increase urine secretion
Term
Dysuria
Definition
painful or difficult voiding
Term
Enuresis
Definition
bed-wetting; involuntary passing of urine in children after bladder control is achieved
Term
Flaccid
Definition
weak or lax
Term
Glomerulus
Definition
a tuft of capillaries in the kidney surrounded by Bowman's capsule
Term
Habit training
Definition
attempts to keep clients dry by having them void at regular intervals; also referred to as timed voiding or scheduled toileting
Term
Ileal conduit (ileal loop)
Definition
urinary diversion in which the client must wear an external pouch over the stoma to collect the continuous flow of urine
Term
Irrigation
Definition
a flushing or washing out with a specified solution; administration of a solution to wash out the conjunctival sac to remove secretions or foreign bodies or to remove chemicals that may injure the eye
Term
Meatus
Definition
referring to the urinary meatus, which is the external opening from the urethra to the surface of the body
Term
Micturition
Definition
Urination
Term
Nephrostomy
Definition
diversion of urine from a kidney to a stoma
Term
Neurogenic bladder
Definition
interference with the normal mechanisms of urine elimination in which the client does not perceive bladder fullness and is unable to control the urinary sphincters; the result of impaired neurologic function
Term
Nocturia
Definition
voiding two or more times at night
Term
Nocturnal enuresis
Definition
involuntary urination at night
Term
Nocturnal frequency
Definition
the need for older adults to arise during the night to urinate
Term
Oliguria
Definition
production of abnormally small amounts of urine by the kidney
Term
Perineal (peri-) care
Definition
cleansing of the perineum (genitalia)
Term
Polydipsia
Definition
excessive thirst
Term
Polyuria
Definition
Diuresis
Term
Prompted voiding
Definition
supplements habit training by encouraging the client to try to use the toilet (prompting) and reminding the client when to void
Term
Reflux
Definition
backward flow
Term
Residual urine
Definition
the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after a person voids
Term
Suprapubic catheter
Definition
an indwelling catheter that has been surgically placed in the bladder through the abdominal wall, either with or without a urethrally placed catheter
Term
Trigone
Definition
a triangular area at the base of the bladder marked by the ureter openings at the posterior corners and the opening of the urethra at the anterior corner
Term
Ureterostomy
Definition
type of urinary diversion that involves surgery of the ureters
Term
Urgency
Definition
the feeling that one must urinate
Term
Urinary frequency
Definition
the need to urinate often
Term
Urinary hesitancy
Definition
a delay and difficulty in initiating voiding; often associated with dysuria
Term
Urinary retention
Definition
the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of the bladder to empty itself
Term
Urination (micturition, voiding)
Definition
the process of emptying the bladder
Term
Vesicostomy
Definition
surgical production of an opening into the bladder
Term
A client with an indwelling catheter reports a need to urinate. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform?
Definition
Check to see if the Catheter is patent
Term
Which of the following nursing interventions is correct when performing a 24-hour urine specimen test?
Definition
Discard the first voiding: Note the time: Collect all voidings after and keep on ice:
Term
What should you do if a urine culture is ordered?
Definition
Term
What should you do if a urinalysis is ordered?
Definition
as the client to urinate and pour urine into a specimen container
Term
Which position promotes a clients normal eliminations?
Definition
Sitting. Supine makes it difficult to empty bladder completely
Term
which of the following interventions is appropriate when a nurse performs a catheterization on a female client? Select all that apply:
Definition
Provide privacy
maintain surgical asepsis throughout the procedure
position the client supine with knees bent and apart
Term
normal bladder capacity
Definition
between 300-600 mL of urine
Term
how many times can an infant urinate a day
Definition
20
Term
characteristics of healthy infant urine
Definition
odorless, colorless, specific gravity (1.008)

unable to concentrate urine effectively
Term
when do children achieve full urinary control
Definition
4-5 years, daytime control usually achieved by 3
Term
when do kidneys reach maximum size?
Definition
between 35-40 years of age
Term
when do kidneys begin to decrease in size/function
Definition
50
Term
what are factors effecting voiding in older adults
Definition
-enlarged prostates inhibit complete emptying, can lead to incontinence
-post menopausal women have decreased hormone (estrogen) levels, which cause decrease in perineal tone and support of bladder, cagina, and surrounding tissues
-joint pain, previous surgeries, and intramuscular problems inhibit mobility
-cognitive impairment effects knowing the need or how to go
Term
what are nursing interventions to improve voiding problems in older adults?
Definition
-medications
-surgery
-behavioral training
-ease of access
-habit training
Term
The TOILETED method of identifying possible contributing factors for transient urinary incontinence
Definition
T- thin and dry vaginal and urethral epithelium
O-Obstruction
I-Infection
L- Limited mobility
E- environment or psychological factors
T- therapeutic medications
E- Endocrine disorders (i.e. diabetes)
D- Delirium
Term
Functional urinary incontinence
Definition
Inability of usually continent person to reach toilet in time to avoid unintentional loss of urine
Term
Overflow urinary incontinence
Definition
involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistension of the bladder
Term
Reflex urinary incontinence
Definition
involuntary loss of urine at somewhat predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached
Term
Stress urinary incontinence
Definition
sudden leakage of urine with activities that increase intra abdominal pressure
Term
Urge urinary incontinence
Definition
involuntary passage of urine occurring soon after a strong sense of urgency to void
Term
Risk for urge urinary incontinence
Definition
at risk for involuntary loss of urine occurring soon after a sudden, strong sense of urinary urgency
Term
Normal amount of urine in 24 hours (adult)
Definition
1,200-1,500 mL
Term
Abnormal amount of urine in 24 hours
Definition
any under or large amount over
Term
Normal color/clarity of urine
Definition
straw, amber, transparent
Term
abnormal color/clarity of urine
Definition
dark amber, cludy, dark orange, red or brown, mucous plugs, viscid, thick
Term
normal odor of urine
Definition
faint aromatic
Term
abnormal odor of urine
Definition
offensive (urine high in glucose smells sweet)
Term
what is NOT Present in normal urine
Definition
glucose, ketone bodies (acetone), blood
Term
During discharge planning, the nurse is teaching the client ways to prevent a recurrence of a UTI. What are correct actions?
Definition
-Always wipe from front to back
-drink eight 8-oz glasses of water a day
-wear cotton rather than nylon undergarments
-avoid tight fitting pants or other clothing that could cause irritation
Term
what are benefits of intermittent self catheterization.
Definition
- protects upper urinary tract from reflux
-reduces incidences of UTIs
_enables client to retain independence and gain control of bladder
-allows for normal sexual relations without incontinence.
Term
what is correct pelvic muscle exercise(kegel) method?
Definition
-contract pelvic muscles pulling rectum, vagina, and urethra up
-hold for 3-5 seconds, then release for 3-5 seconds
-each contraction 10 times, repeat 3xs daily
-gradually increase hold for 10 seconds for each contracture and relaxation period
-develop a schedule to remind when to perform exercise
-perform anytime you engage in activity that increases intra abdominal prssure (i.e. sneezing)
Term
symptoms of a bladder infection
Definition
-frequent urge to urinate,
-pain or burning on urination
-urine often appears cloudy and occasionally reddish if blood is present
-urine may develop an unpleasant odor
-Women often have lower abdominal discomfort or feel bloated and experience sensations like their bladder is full.
-Women may also complain of a vaginal discharge, especially if their urethra is infected
-Although men may complain of dysuria, frequency, and urgency, other symptoms may include rectal, testicular, penile, or abdominal pain.
-Men with a urethral infection, especially if it is caused by an STD may have a pus-like drip or discharge from their penis
-Toddlers and children with UTIs often show blood in the urine, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting along with pain and urgency with urination
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