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Embryology 1
Organogenesis
40
Biology
Undergraduate 4
03/13/2007

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Term
Three Regions of Ectoderm
Definition
prospective neural tube
prospective neural crest
prospective epidermis
Term
Neural tube derivatives
Definition
Brain
Spinal cord
Motor nerves
Optic vesicles
Posterior pituitary
Term
Brain regions
Definition
Prosencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Mesencephalon
Term
Prosencephalon
Definition
telencephalon
diencephalon
Term
Telencephalon
Definition
cerebral hemispheres
olfactory centers
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Thalamus
hypothalamus
Term
thalamus
Definition
"antechanber of cerebellum"
sensory fibers from spinal cord and brain pass through to the cerebrum
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
hunger center and thirst center
infundibulum
Term
infundibulum
Definition
hypothal. deriv.
post. pituitary
optic vesicles (give rise to optic cups)
Term
Mesencephalon
Definition
midbrain
optic tecta- visual interpretation center
Term
Rhombencephalon
Definition
metencephalon (cerebellum)
myencephalon (medulla)
Term
Neural crest cells
Definition
migratory cells found at closure of neural tube
FORM:
Cartilages in voic ebox and throat
Adrenal medulla
Pigment cells (except retinal)
Sensory nerves and ganglia
Autonomic ganglia
Term
Epidermal derivatives
Definition
surface ectoderm
Two types:
Placodes and Remaining (everything else)
Term
Placodes
Definition
localized thickenings of ectoderm forming plate-like structures
Include:
Some head nerves
Olfactory structures
Lens of eyes
Inner ear
Taste buds
Term
Remainder of epidermal derivatives
Definition
Lining of mouth and anus
Outer layer of skin
Horns
Hair
Anterior pituitary (Rathke's Pocket)
Nails
Term
pituitary gland dual origin
Definition
neuronal component (infundibulum) and a glandular component
Term
Mesoderm three major regions
Definition
Epimere
Mesomere
Hypomere
Term
Epimere
Definition
dorsal mesoderm that forms somites
called metamerism
Term
Mesomere
Definition
aka Intermediate Cell Mass
Forms gonads and renal structures (kidneys)
Term
Hypomere
Definition
aka Lateral Plate Mesoderm
Forms heart and lining of coelum
Term
Somites divided into 3 regions
Definition
Dermatome
Myotome
Scleretome
Term
Dermatome
Definition
outer region of somite parallel to the epidermis
forms dermis
Term
Myotome
Definition
dorsal region of inner somite wall
skeletal muscle of:
tongue
eye
neck
intercostal area (between ribs)
Term
Scleretome
Definition
ventomesial portion of somite
loses precise boundaries and extends towards notochord
undergoes chondrification (change tissue into cartilage) under inductive influence of spinal cord and/or notochord and forms vertebral column (costal processes/ribs)
Term
Mesomere
Definition
aka ICM

between epimere and hypomere
Forms gonads
Forms vertebrate kidney
Term
Vertebrate kidney layers
Definition
pronephros
mesonephros metanephros
Term
pronephros (kidney)
Definition
first to form and most anterior
Term
mesonephros (kidney)
Definition
posterior to pronephros and forms after it
adult kidney in amphibians
embryonic kidney in birds/mammals
mesonephric duct= Wolffian duct
Term
metanephros (kidney)
Definition
last to form and posterior to mesonephros
adult kidney in birds/mammals
Term
Hypomere
Definition
ventrolateral to epimere
unsegmented sheet
Two layers:
somatic
sphlanchnic coelum (body cavity) forms between the layers
Term
Coelum
Definition
originally continuous, later divided
1.Pleural Cavity (surrounds lungs)
2.Pericardial Cavity (suur. heart)
3.Peritoneal Cavity (surr. viscera-abdominal organs)
All 3 cavities lined with hypomere derived epithelium:
Pleura, Pericardium, Peritoneum
Term
Hypomere: Sphlanchnic Layer (Visceral)
Definition
adjacent to endoderm
can join w/endo. to form tissue called sphlanchnopleure
FORMS:
inner portion of peritoneum
smooth muscle of digestive system
heart and blood vessels
embryonic blood vessels
Term
Hypomere: Somatic Layer (Parietal)
Definition
adj. to ectoderm
may join w/ ecto. to form somatopleure
FORMS:
1. Lateral and ventral parts of dermis (w/ somites)
2. Outer portion of peritoneum (lining of abdom. cavity)
3. Limb buds
Term
Endoderm
Definition
surrounds the gut
3 Regions of gut
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
Term
Foregut
Definition
anterior region is pharynx
DERIVATIVES:
duodenum
esophagus
liver
lung bud
pharyngeal pouches
stomach
thyroid
trachea
Term
Midgut
Definition
DERIVATIVES:
jejunum
ileum
portion of large intestine
Term
Hindgut
Definition
DERIVATIVES:
urinary bladder
urethra
rectum
cloaca (in all vert. but mammals serves as chamber for waste of urin. and digest. sys and prod of reprod. sys)
Term
Areas where Ectoderm and Endoderm are in direct contact
Definition
1. mouth
2. anus
3. branchial membranes (which rupture in aquatic vert. to form clefts involved in resp. organ formation)
Term
pharyngeal pouches
Definition
form from lateral walls of pharynx
form sequentially in an anteroposterior direction beg. just behind mouth
envag. pouches that fuse with invag. ectod. furrows to form branchial membranes
Term
Somite regions pic
Definition
[image]
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