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Electrolytes
N/A
22
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
02/01/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Na serum levels
Definition
135-145
Term
K serum levels
Definition
3.5- 5.0
Term
Ca ionized serum levels
Definition
4.5-5.1
Term
Mg serum levels
Definition
1.3-2.3
Term
Cl serum levels
Definition
97-107
Term
bicarbonate serum levels
Definition
25-29
Term
phosphate serum levels
Definition
2.5-4.5
Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

kidneys

Definition
  • regulates EFC vol. & osmolarity
  • regulates EFC electrolyte levels
  • regulates pH of ECF by excretion/retention of H ions
  • excretes metabloic wastes
Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

cardiovascular

Definition
  • circulate blood to kidneys
  • react to hypovolemia by stimulating fluid rention

 

Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

lungs

Definition
  • eliminate most of H ions
  • act promtly to correct A/B disturbances- M alkalosis-compensatory hypoventilation, CO2 retention   Macidosis-compensatory hyperventilation, CO2 excretion
  • remove ~300ml water/day
Term

homeostatic methods of

adrenal glands

Definition
  • secrete aldosterone to regulate water, Na, K (aldosterone=Na retention)
  • cortisol secretion in large amounts Na & water retention

 

Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

pituitary gland

Definition
  • stores and releases ADH-which retains water
  • increase ECF osmotic pressure-ADH secretion
  • decrease ECF osmotic pressure-decreased ADH
  • controls blood volume
Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

nervous system

Definition
  • inhibits & stimulates mechanisms influencing fluid balance
  • regulate oral intake by sensing ICF dehydration & triggering thirst
Term

homeostatic mechanisms of

parathyroid glands

Definition
  • regulate Ca & phosphate balance w/ PTH
  • increased PTH-elevated serum Ca, lower serum HPO4
  • decreased PTH- lowered serum Ca, increase serum HPO4
Term

hyponatremia Sx

<135

Definition

 

 

 

confusion

edema

hypotension

headache
n/v/d
abdominal cramps
muscle cramps
weakness
fatigue

 

Term

hypernatremia Sx

>145

Definition

restlessness

 

weakness

disorientation, delusion, hallucinations

potential permanent brain damage

 

dry mouth
decreased urination
fever
tachycardia
thirst
hypotension
seizures

Term

hypokalemia Sx

<3.5

Definition

muscle weaknessleg

muscle cramping

fatigue

paresthesias

dysrhythmias
confusion
paralytic ileus
thready pulse
N/V
alkalosis

Term

hyperkalemia Sx

>5.0

Definition

muscle pralyze

weakeness

cramping

twitching

arrhythmia

dypnea

hypotension

EKG changes

much more dangerous than hypoK

Term

hypocalcemia Sx

<4.5

Definition

 

numbness or tingling of fingers, mouth, feet

parasthesia

tetany

spasm

arrhythmia

bone demineralization

Trousseau's sign

Chvostek's sign

Term

hypercalcemia Sx

>5.1

Definition

 

consitpation

N/V

bone pain

slurred speech

thirst

excessive urination

 

decreased neruomuscular excitability

weakness

CNS depression

fatigue

decreased deep tendon reflexs

cardiac arrhythmias

increased risk kidney stones

Term

hypomagnesemia Sx

<1.3

Definition

muscle weakness

tremors

tetany

seizures

heart block

changes in mental status

hyperactive DTRs

respitory paralysis

Term

hypermagnesemia Sx

>2.3

Definition

N/V

weakness

flushing

lethargy

loss of DTRs

respiratory depression

coma

cardiac arrest

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