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Educational Psychology ch 10, 11, & 12
Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in Educational Psychology edition 8
71
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
11/14/2011

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Term
Motivation
Definition
A process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained
Term
Extrinsic Motivation
Definition
motivation to engage in an activity as a means to an end
Term
Intrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation to be involved in an activity for its own sake
Term
Motivation to learn
Definition
Students' tendencies to find academic activities meaningful and worthwhile and to try to get the intended learning benefits from them
Term
Behaviorist Theories of Motivation
Definition
Focus on changes in behavior that result from experiences with the enviornment
Term
Cognitive and Social Cognitive theories of motivation
Definition
Examine people's expectations and beliefs and their attempts to understand how the world works
Term
Sociocultural theories of motivation
Definition
Emphasize individuals' participation in communities that value and support learning
Term
Humanistic Theories of motivation
Definition
Emphasize people's attempts to fulfill their total potential as human beings
Term
Unconditional positive regard
Definition
The belief that someone is innately worthy regardless of their behavior
Term
Need
Definition
An internal force or drive to attain a certain state or object
Term
Growth needs
Definition
Needs in intellectual achievement and aesthetic appreciation that increase as people have experiences with them
Term
Deficiency needs
Definition
Needs that, if unfulfilled, energize people to meet them
Term
self-actualization
Definition
The need to reach our full potential and be all that we are capable of being
Term
self-determination
Definition
the motivational need to act on and control one's enviornment
Term
competence
Definition
the ability to function effectively in the enviornment
Term
attributional statements
Definition
comments teachers make about the causes of students' performance
Term
autonomy
Definition
independence and an individual's ability to alter the enviornment when necessary
Term
relatedness
Definition
the feeling of being connected to others in one's social environment and feeling worthy of love and respect
Term
need for approval
Definition
the desire to be accepted and judged positively by others
Term
self-worth
Definition
an emotional reaction to or an evaluation of the self
Term
belief
Definition
a cognitive idea we accept as true without necessarily having definitive evidence to support it
Term
expectation
Definition
a belief about a future outcome
Term
expectancy x value theory
Definition
A theory that explains learner motivation by saying that learners will be motivated to engage in a task to the extent that they expect to succeed on the task times the value they place on the success
Term
entity view of intelligence
Definition
the belief that intelligence is essentially fixed and stable over time
Term
incremental view of intelligence
Definition
the belief that intelligence is not stable and can be increased with effort
Term
self-efficacy
Definition
The belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task
Term
value
Definition
the benefits, rewards, or advantages that individuals believe may result from participating in a task or activity
Term
attainment value
Definition
the importance that an individual attaches to doing well on a task
Term
utility value
Definition
the belief that a topic, activity, or course of study will be useful for meeting future goals, including career goals
Term
cost
Definition
a consideration of what an individual must give up to engage in the task
Term
attribution
Definition
a belief about the cause of performance
Term
attribution theory
Definition
a cognitive theory of motivation that attempts to systematically describe learners' beliefs about the causes of their successes and failures and how these beliefs influence motivation to learn
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
the debilitating belief that one is incapable of accomplishing tasks and has little control of the enviornment
Term
goal
Definition
an outcome an individual hopes to attain
Term
mastery goal
Definition
a goal that focuses on accomplishing a task, improvement, and increased understanding.  Sometimes called a learning goal
Term
performance goal
Definition
a goal that focuses on a learner's ability and competence in comparison to others
Term
performance-approach goal
Definition
a goal that emphasizes looking competent and receiving favorable judgments from others
Term
performance-avoidance goal
Definition
a goal that focuses on avoiding looking incompetent and being judged unfavorably
Term
social goals
Definition
goals to achieve particular social outcomes or interactions
Term
personal interest
Definition
a person's ongoing affinity, attraction, or liking for a domain, subject area, topic, or activity
Term
situational interest
Definition
a person's current enjoyment, pleasure, or satisfaction generated by the immediate context
Term
anxiety
Definition
a general uneasiness and feeling of tension, relating to a situation with an uncertain outcome
Term
mastery-focused enviornment
Definition
a classroom enviornment that emphasizes effort, continuous improvement, and understanding
Term
performance-focused enviornment
Definition
a classroom enviornment that emphasizes high grades, public displays of ability, and performance compared to others
Term
self-regulation
Definition
the process of setting personal goals, combined with the motivation, thought processes, strategies, and behaviors that lead to reaching the goals
Term
personal teaching efficacy
Definition
a teacher's belief that he or she can cause all students to learn regardless of their prior knowledge or ability
Term
collective efficacy
Definition
Beliefs that the faculty as a whole can have a positive effect on students
Term
caring
Definition
a teacher's empathy and investment in the protection and development of young people
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
a phenomenon that occurs when a person's performance results from and confirms beliefs about his or her capabilities
Term
positive classroom climate
Definition
a classroom enviornment where the teacher and students work together as a community of learners, to help everyone achieve
Term
order and safety
Definition
a climate variable that creates a predictable learning environment and supports learner autonomy together with a sense of physical and emotional security
Term
task comprehension
Definition
learners' awareness of what they are supposed to be learning and an understanding of why the task is important and worthwhile
Term
introductory focus
Definition
a lesson beginning that attracts attention and provides a conceptual framework for the lesson
Term
personalization
Definition
the process of using intellectually and/or emotionally relevant examples to illustrate a topic
Term
involvement
Definition
the extent to which students are actively participating in a learning activity
Term
open-ended questions
Definition
questions for which a variety of answers is acceptable
Term
productive learning enviornment
Definition
a classroom that is orderly and focused on learning
Term
classroom management
Definition
actions teachers take to create an enviornment that supports and facilitates both academic and social-emotional learning
Term
discipline
Definition
teachers' responses to student misbehavior
Term
community of caring and trust
Definition
a classroom enviornment where learners feel physically and emotionally safe and their needs for belonging and relatedness are met
Term
organization
Definition
a professional skill that includes preparing materials in advance, starting classes and activities on time, making transitions quickly and smoothly, and creating well-established routines
Term
rules
Definition
descriptions of standards for acceptable behavior
Term
procedures
Definition
guidelines for accomplishing recurring tasks, such as sharpening pencils and making transitions from one activity to another
Term
withitness
Definition
a teacher's awareness of what is going on in all parts of the classroom at all times and communicating this awareness to students
Term
I-message
Definition
a nonaccusatory communication that addresses a behavior, describes the effects on the sender, and the feelings it generates in the sender
Term
assertive discipline
Definition
an approach to classroom management that promotes a clear and firm response style with students
Term
logical consequences
Definition
consequences that are conceptually related to the misbehavior
Term
desist
Definition
a verbal or nonverbal communication a teacher uses to stop a behavior
Term
culturally responsive classroom management
Definition
classroom management that combines teachers' awareness of possible personal biases with cultural knowledge
Term
overlapping
Definition
the ability to intervene without disrupting the flow of a lesson
Term
negligence
Definition
the failure to exercise sufficient care in protecting students from injury
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