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Educational Psychology
Terms for the final EPC 420
49
Psychology
Not Applicable
12/12/2016

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Term
long-term memory
Definition
Term
taxonomy of educational objectives
Definition
Bloom and his colleagues categorized objectives from simple to complex or from factual to conceptual
Term
cognitive apprenticeship
Definition
Concept derived from Vygotsky that emphasizes both the social nature of learning and the zone of proximal development.
Term
affective
Definition
Instructional goals to related to attitudes values called affective objectives.
Term
dual code theory of memory
Definition
Pavlov's concept related to levels of processing theory which hypothesizes that information is retained in long-term memory in two forms: visual and verbal
Term
giftedness
Definition
Was once defined as almost entirely in terms of superior IQ or demonstrated ability, such as outstanding performance in mathematics or chess, but the definition now encompasses students with superior abilities in a wide range of activities
Term
least restrictive environment (LRE)
Definition
a classroom environment that best meets the needs of the individual with a disability
Term
self-regulated learners
Definition
a concept from constructivist theory of learning where one who has knowledge of effective learning strategies and how and when to use them
Term
autism
Definition
a developmental disability that significantly affects social interaction and verbal and non verbal communication.
Term
standard deviation
Definition
a measure of the dispersion of scores. The average amount that scores differ from the mean
Term
percentile score
Definition
also known as percentile rank, indicates the percentage of students in the norming group who scored lower than a particular score
Term
motivation
Definition
an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time
Term
self-actualization
Definition
concept from Maslow's theory defined as "the desire to become everything that one is capable of being"
Term
means-end analysis
Definition
deciding what a problem is and what needs to be done
Term
transfer of learning
Definition
depends on the degree to which the information or skills were learned in the original situation and on the degree of similarity between the situation in which the skill or concept was learned and the situation to which it is to be applied
Term
direct instruction
Definition
describes lessons in which you transmit information directly to students, structuring class time to reach a clearly defined set of objectives as efficiently as possible.
Term
norm-referenced interpretations
Definition
focus on a comparisons of student's scores with those of other students
Term
criterion-referenced interpretations
Definition
focus on assessing students' mastery of specific skills, regardless of how other students did on the same skills
Term
group investigation
Definition
general classroom organization plan in which students work in small groups using cooperative inquiry, group discussion, and cooperative planning and projects
Term
individual education plan (IEP)
Definition
given to all students with a disability that guides the services a student recieves
Term
critical thinking
Definition
identifying misleading advertisements, weighing competitive evidence, and identifying assumptions or fallacies in arguments
Term
cooperative learning
Definition
instructional methods, or peer assisted learning, students work together in small groups to help each other learn.
Term
perception
Definition
involves mental interpretation that is influenced by our mental state, past experience, knowledge, motivations and many other factors
Term
expectancy valance model
Definition
largely depends on the person's expectations of reward
Term
learner with exceptionalities
Definition
may be used to describe any individuals whose physical, mental, or behavioral performance is so different from the norm-either higher or lower-that additional services are needed to meet the individual's needs
Term
reciprocal teaching
Definition
method of constructivist teaching where the teacher works with small groups of students modeling questions students might ask as they read and then the students are supposed to act as "teachers" to generate questions for each other
Term
deficiency needs
Definition
needs that are critical to physical and psychological well being. These needs must be satisfied, but once they are, a person's motivation to satisfy them diminishes
Term
learning disability
Definition
not a single condition but a wide variety of specific disabilities that are presumed to stem from one dysfunction of the brain or central nervous system
Term
standardized tests
Definition
not a teacher made test. Typically given under a "standardized" condition of thousands of other similar students for whom the test is designed, allowing the test publisher to establish norms for comparing any individual score.
Term
learning objectives
Definition
outcomes that are expected for students to learn during the lesson
Term
computer assisted instruction
Definition
range in complexity from simple drill and practice software to complex problem-solving programs
Term
reliability
Definition
referring to a test, relates to the accuracy with which skills and knowledge are measured
Term
learning probe
Definition
refers to any of a variety of ways of asking for brief student responses to lesson content
Term
independent practice
Definition
refers to work students do in class on their own to practice or express newly learned skills or knowledge
Term
grade-equivalent
Definition
relate students' scores to the average scores obtained by students at a particular grade level
Term
extrinsic incentives
Definition
rewards for learning that are not inherent in the material being learned. Could range from praise to grades to recognition to prizes or other rewards
Term
attribution theory
Definition
seeks to understand just such explanations and excuses, particularly when applied to success or failure.
Term
backward planning
Definition
start by writing broad objectives for the course as a whole, than objectives for large units, and then specific behavioral objectives.
Term
lesson planning
Definition
stating learning objectives or outcomes
Term
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Definition
students with ADHD have difficulty maintaining attention because of a limited ability to concentrate. Includes impulsive actions, attention deficits, and sometimes hyperactive behavior.
Term
portfolio assessment
Definition
the collection and evaluations of samples of student work over an extended period of time
Term
validity
Definition
the extent to which those inferences are justified. The types of evidence that are used to evaluate the validity of a test vary according to the test's purpose
Term
wait time
Definition
the length of time you wait for a student to answer a question before giving the answer or going on to another student
Term
learned helplessness
Definition
the perception that no matter what one does, one is doomed to failure or ineffectuality
Term
task analysis
Definition
the process of breaking down tasks or objectives down into their simpler components
Term
rehearsal
Definition
the process of maintaining an item in working memory by repetition
Term
loci method
Definition
the student thinks of a very familiar set of locations, such as rooms in his or her own house, and then imagines each item on the list to be remembered in one specific location
Term
choral response
Definition
when asking a group of students a question to which there is only one right answer and the group responds verbally at the same time
Term
cutoff score
Definition
when tests are used for making decisions about mastery of a subject or topic, some procedure must be employed to determine the test cutoff scores indicating various proficiency levels
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