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Ecology
50-55
27
Biology
12th Grade
12/17/2007

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Term
biomass
Definition
dry weigh of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a particular habitat; increases if ps>rs, decreases if rs>ps
Term
commensalism
Definition
symbiotic relationship whereby one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed
Term
community
Definition
all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough for potential interaction
Term
competition
Definition
battle for limited resources in an ecosystem; greatest for related species in same niche
Term
competitive exlcusion
Definition
concept that when 2 species compete for same resources, one population will use resources more efficiently and have reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to elimination of other population
Term
consumer
Definition
feed off of other living things; primary eat plants, secondary eat other primary; numbers go down as trophic levels go up
Term
cryptic coloration
Definition
camouflage; making potential prey difficult to spot against its background
Term
deciduous forest
Definition
biome with trees that lose their leaves as predominant vegetation
Term
decomposer
Definition
organism that breaks down and lives off of organic material/ waste; orgnaisms that allow for chemical cycling in an ecosystem
Term
diatom
Definition
unicellular organism with silicon cell wall; form of plankton in food chain; primary producer in marine ecosystems
Term
ecosystem
Definition
all the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment
Term
eutrophication
Definition
process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorous and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae; cultural if originated by human usage
Term
grassland
Definition
biome with grass as predominant vegetation, often wet and dry season
Term
herbivore
Definition
eat only producers
Term
mimicry
Definition
copying the coloration or behavior of an undesirable organism to avoid predation; similar color patterns between different species to increase numbers
Term
mutualism
Definition
symbiosis whereby both organisms benefit
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes (bacteria) into nitrogenous compunds that can be used by plants
Term
omnivore
Definition
consumer at many trophic levels; humans
Term
ozone layer
Definition
composed of O3; shileds earth from ultraviolet rays; destroyed by CFCs; reduction could increase skin cancer rates
Term
parasitism
Definition
symbiosis whereby one organism benefits at the expense of another
Term
population
Definition
group of organisms of the same species
Term
producer
Definition
autotrophic; first trophic level
Term
taiga
Definition
conferous forest is predominant, relatively infertile soil
Term
trophic level
Definition
different feeding relationships in an ecosystem which determine the route of energy flow and the pattern of chemical cycling
Term
tropical rain forest
Definition
biome with greatest diversity of plant species; threatened by cut-burn-cultivate-abandon agricultural practices
Term
tundra
Definition
grasses and sedges that can tolerate long dark winters; permafrost year round
Term
warning (aposematic) coloration
Definition
bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defences that acts as a warning to predators
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