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Ecology
Exam 3 Pt 2 - Invasive Species
33
Biology
Not Applicable
04/21/2004

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Term
Invasive Species
Definition
A species that estabilshes a new range in which it proliferates, spreads, and persists to the detriment of the environment
Term
Four Types of Invasive Species
Definition
Plants, Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Microbes
Term
Endemic Species
Definition
Something Found No Where Else on Earth
Term
2 examples of endemic species
Definition
Hawaiian silver sword, Non-Flying Butterflies
Term
Characteristics of Invasive Species (8)
Definition
1. No predators of invasive species 2. Large number of young. 3. Rapid Reproductivity. 4. Generalists in food/supply 5. Tolerant of Disturbance. 6. Rapid Growth 7. Dispersal 8. Allelopathy - toxins released from plants
Term
Characteristics of Vulnerable Communities (4)
Definition
1. Open Niches 2. Frequent Disturbances 3. Abundant Resources 4. Soil
Term
New theory on plant invasions
Definition
a plant community becomes more susceptible to invasion when there is an increase in unused resources
Term
Ants on Infested Sites compared to Uninfested (4)
Definition
1. High Richness. 2. High Diversity 3. High Native Ants 4. Low number of ants
Term
Succession
Definition
the change in species that occupy a given area, with some species invading and becoming more numerous while others decline in population and disappear.
Term
Cause of Succession
Definition
a change in one or more abiotic or biotic factors benefiting some species but at the expense of others
Term
Primary Succession
Definition
The establishment of a mature ecosystem in an area that has not been occupied before.
Term
Secondary succession
Definition
The reestablishment of an ecosystem that was previously cleared.
Term
Why is secondary growth faster?
Definition
Soil is already formed and there are plants that survived disturbance.
Term
Stages of Succession (5)
Definition
1. Pioneer Species (Withstand High Levels of Light). 2. Periannial Weeds and Grasses (Withstand Low Nutrients). 3. Shrubs (Withstand Shade). 4. Young Pines. 5. Mature Forest (Withstand Competition).
Term
Grassland after Fire
Definition
Grasses resprout quickly from bottom
Term
Long leaf pine forest exposed to Fire
Definition
Serotinous cones open only when exposed to high temperatures
Term
Mature Trees to Fire
Definition
Thick bark protects
Term
Reasons for Population Growth
Definition
1. Expansion into new habitats 2. Increase carrying capacity of current habitats 3. Elimination of limiting factors (Texas)
Term
2 Methods of Human Population Control
Definition
Control through Economics and Control through Family Planning
Term
Demographic Transition Model
Definition
Death rates decline during the early industrial stages while birth rates decline in late industrial stage. Goes through late exponential growth during postindustrial stage.
Term
Control of human population through family planning
Definition
Tax incentives and birth control widely available.
Term
Green Revolution
Definition
2.6x more production of agriculture
Term
Aquifer
Definition
Underground layer of porous stone or soil that holds water. the function is to bring marginal land into use
Term
Problems with Green Revolution (6)
Definition
1. Water Shortages 2. Decreased Genetic Diversity 3. Degredation of Marginalized land 4. Desertification 5. Fertilizer run off 6. Increased pesticide pollution
Term
Example of Water Shortage
Definition
Ogallala Aquifer Depletion 8x the recharge rate
Term
Example of Decreased Genetic Diversity
Definition
Multiple types of corn -> 1-2 types of corn
Term
Degredation of Marginal Land
Definition
Quickly depleting soil nutrients or erosion
Term
Desertification
Definition
Creating deserts where there were none before
Term
Result of Fertilization run off
Definition
Eutrophication
Term
Stages in making a genetically modified plant (4)
Definition
1. Bt Toxin implanted into Cell DNA -> 2. Cells tested with antibiotic to find which successfully incorporated the new material -> 3. Those that are resistant to the antibiotic carry the Bt toxin ->4. Seeds from those plants will grow a new generation of plants with Bt Toxin.
Term
Examples of Transgenic Foods
Definition
1. Bt Toxin in Corn 2. Round-Up Ready Crops 3. Golden Rice 4. Flavr Savr Tomato
Term
Bt Toxin in corn
Definition
Interferes with insects digestion
Term
Integrated Pest Management
Definition
Using pesticides in a more controlled way.
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