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Ecology-Yordanis Diaz
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
31
Biology
9th Grade
01/16/2007

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Term
ecology
Definition
the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisma and their environment or things around them.
Term
biosphere
Definition
contains tha combined portion of the planet in which all of life exists,icluding land,water,and air,or the atmosphere.
Term
species
Definition
a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Term
populations
Definition
groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
Term
communities
Definition
assemblages of different populations that live together in a difined area.
Term
ecosystem
Definition
a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular area together with their nonliving or physical environment.
Term
biome
Definition
a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.
Term
autotrophs
Definition
use energy from the environment to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules.
Term
producers
Definition
organism that can capture energy from the sun or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds.
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
light and energy to power chemicals reactions thats convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugar and starches.
Term
chemosynthesis
Definition
process by wich some organisms such as certain bacteria use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
Term
heterotroph
Definition
organism that obtain energy from the foods it consumes.
Term
consumer
Definition
organism that relies on other organism for its energy and food supply.
Term
hervibors
Definition
obtain energy by only eating plants.
Term
carnivors
Definition
snakes,dogs,and owls eat animals.
Term
omnivors
Definition
eat both plants and animals.
Term
detritivores
Definition
mites,earthworms,snail and crabs feed on plants and animal remains and other dead matter.
Term
food chain
Definition
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Term
food wed
Definition
links all the food chains in an ecosystem together.
Term
trophic level
Definition
each step in a food wed or food chain.
Term
ecological pyramid
Definition
a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web.
Term
biomass
Definition
the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
Term
biogeochemical cycles
Definition
chemical compounds and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
Term
evaporation
Definition
the process by which water changes from liquid to an atmospheric gas.
Term
transpiration
Definition
water can also enter the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants.
Term
nutrients
Definition
all the chemicals substances that an organism needs to sustain life.
Term
nitrogen fixation
Definition
such as bacteria which live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Term
denitrification
Definition
other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas.
Term
primary productivity
Definition
the rate at which organic matter is created by producers.
Term
limiting nutrients
Definition
when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly.
Term
algal bloom
Definition
when an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient the result is often an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.
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