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Ecology vocab
sorry that some are different sizes and fonts, after a while i didn't feel like changing them
51
Biology
9th Grade
10/23/2011

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Term
Ecology
Definition

the study of interactions.

ex. biotic to biotic

biotic to abiotic 

Term
Population
Definition
group of same species in a defined area
Term
Community
Definition
ALL of the organisms occupying a defined area
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
A community and its abiotic factors
Term
Biome
Definition
A large geographic area with similar climate and species composition
Term
Types of population dispersions
Definition
clumped (most common), random, and uniform (least common)
Term
Exponential Growth
Definition
the maximum rate a population can grow (J-shaped curve)
Term
Logisitc Model
Definition
assumes a carrying capacity (the maximum amount of organisms a system can support, showed by "K") an S-shaped curve
Term
r- strategist
Definition

fast growth, fully developed offspring, short generations, little to no parental care, volitile "K".

ex. flies, fungis/mold, ALL bacteria 

Term
K- strategist
Definition

slow growth, longer generations, less developed offspring, more parental care

ex. birds, whales, etc

Term
Competion
Definition
type of symbiotic relationship when two organisms fight for the same resorce and cannot coexist. a lose, lose situation
Term
Predator- Prey
Definition

a symbiotic relationship when one organism hunts another for food. the organisms coevolve

a win, lose relationship

Term
Parasite-Host
Definition

a symbiotic relationship when an organism feeds off of another organism. different from predator- prey because the parasite needs the host alive. can be endoparasite (feeds from outside) or ectoparasite (feeds from inside)

a win, lose relationship

Term
Mutualism
Definition

a symbiotic relationship when two organisms protect each other for the benefit of themselves. usually used if this relationship is critical to the survival of each partner. it's a rare relationship

a win, win relationship

Term
Commensalism
Definition
a symbiotic relationship when one organism uses another for its own benefit but it has no effect on the second organism. a win, no effect relationship
Term
Species Diversity
Definition
the number of different types of species in a community
Term
Species Richness
Definition

the relative amount of different species in a community.

ex. communtiy A and B have 4 species. Community A: species 1: 80%

species2: 7%

species 3:8%

species 4:5%

Community B: species 1: 27%

species2: 23%

species 3:21%

species 4: 29%

Communtiy B is richer

Term
Biomass
Definition
total mass of life in an ecosystem
Term
Standing crop biomass
Definition
total mass of producers only in a system
Term
Evaporation
Definition
liquid state of H20 to gas state
Term
Condensation
Definition
gas state of H20 to liquid state
Term
Transpiration
Definition
the loss of water vapor from plant leaves
Term
Precipitation
Definition
any form of H2O reaching earth's surface from clouds
Term
Runoff
Definition
surface water returning to larger body of water
Term
Ground water
Definition
under-ground water returning to larger body of water
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Inorganic carbon being converted to organic carbon by producers
Term
Respiration
Definition
Organic carbon converted into in organic carbon
Term
Combustion
Definition
organic carbon converted to inorganic carbon with fire
Term
Nitrogen Fixation
Definition
bacteria in soil and plant roots converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
Term
Nitrification
Definition
ammonia being converted into nitrate by bacteria in soil
Term
Assimilation
Definition
the uptake of nitrate by plant roots and being converted into organic based molecules by plants
Term
Ammonification
Definition
Organic nitrogen-containing molecules produce ammonia through decomposition of bacteria and fungi
Term
Dentrification
Definition
Nitrate converted into nitrogen gas by bacteria
Term
types of biomes
Definition
polar, temperate, tropical
Term
Tropical rainforest
Definition
high diversity, high biomass, abundant rain
Term
Diciduous forrest
Definition
high diversity, high biomass, moderate rain, seasonal change (losing leaves)
Term
Coniferous forrest
Definition
moderate diversity, high biomass, moderate to high rain, evergreen trees
Term
Taiga
Definition
coniferous forrest in more arctic climate, lower biomass, trees are dwarfed in size, rainfall varies but requires decent amount
Term
Tundra
Definition
perma forrest (frozen soil 2-3 feet below surface) prevents trees, domintated with grass and shrubs, hih net primary productivity
Term
Tropical grasslands (savannah)
Definition
medium- low rainfall, lower biomass but higher net primary productivity
Term
Temperate Grasslands (prarie)
Definition
temperate zone. moderate temperatures
Term
Chapparal
Definition
temperate zone, low rain but not a desert, no trees, shrubs only, frequent fires,
Term
Pelagic
Definition
aquatic biome, open ocean, photic and aphotic zone
Term
Benthos (or benthic)
Definition
very deep ocean and bottom, very little ot no light, very nutrient rich
Term
Intertidal Zone
Definition
marine zone, affects every coastline on earth, zone between high and low tidelines plus extremes of each
Term
Estuery
Definition
anywhere freshwater meets saltwater, usually marshlands at river mouth, abundant in New Jersey
Term
Coral Reef
Definition
highest net primary productivity and biomass of all aquatic biomes, requires shallow/ clear waters, requires tropical water, limestone deposit from small animals called polyps that filter it our over time
Term
Acid rain
Definition
rainfall with a PH less than 5.6
Term
Ozone layer
Definition
hole in atmosphere discovered in mid 1980s, tends to absorb UV light 
Term
Global Warming
Definition
humans increase CO2 concentration in atmosphere. CO2 is a greenhouse gas, and is poor at absorbing light E
Term
Biomagnification of chemicals
Definition
a chemical that can dissove in cells will increase in concentrationas it moves up food chain
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