Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ecology Project
N/A
69
Science
10th Grade
05/02/2012

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Climatograph

Definition

-A graph describe the climate (temperature, precipitation for instance)


Example:

 

[image]

 

Term

Climate

Definition

-The weather conditions prevailing in an area over a long period.


Example: including average temperature humidity atmosphere pressure, wind, rainfall, etc.

 

Term

Average Precipitation

Definition

-

Term

Ecology

Definition

-The study of relationships between organisms and the environment their live in.


Example: 

[image]

 

 

 

Term

Environment

Definition

-The area in which organisms live in.


Example:

City, forests, lake, woods, etc.

Term

Biosphere

Definition

-The layer of the air, land and water on the Earth's surface in which all living things on Earth exist.


Example:

[image]

Term

Biotic

Definition

-A concpt that relates to the living


Example:

[image]

Bacteria

Animals, plants, fungi, etc.

Term

Abiotic

Definition

-Things that relate to non-living parts of an environment.


Example: Sunlight, soil, moisture, temperature...

[image]

Term

Biodiversity

Definition

-The variety of all living species in a given area.


Example:

Rainforests are an example of biodiversity---there're many different species in the rainforests.

[image]

Term

Biome

Definition

-A large naturally community of plants and animals.


Example:

8 terrestrial biomes: 

Tundra, boreal forest, tropical rainforest, grassland, desert, temperate forest, permanent ice, temperate deciduous forest. 

Term

Ecosystem

Definition

-A biological community of organisms and their physical environment (smaller than the biomes)


Example: 

[image]

Term

Habitat

Definition

-The smaller division of the ecosystems.

-The natural home or evironment of organisms.


Example: 

[image]

Term

Classifying Biomes

Definition

-Scientist have divided the Earth into biomes based on  factors: Temperature+precipitation, Lantitude, Elevation, Ocean currents.


Example: See cards Temp+pre.., Lantitude, Elevation and Ocean Currents.

Term

Temperature & Precipitation

Definition

-The important abiotic factor that determine the caracteristics of a biome.

-Some animals/plants can't adoupt different temp/precipitation, which limits the biome.


Example: slugs require the cool, damp climate of our temperate rainforest. They can't survive if place in a desert biome.

[image]

Term

Lantitude

Definition

-The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator

-The equator is the warmest, for sun is over head all year.

-Further away get colder


Example:

Almost all the rainforests lie near the equator.

Term

Elevation

Definition

-The height of a land mass above the sea level.

-As it goes higher, the temperature and pressure gets lower.


Example:

[image]

Term

Ocean Currents

Definition

-the steady flow of surface ocean water in a prevailing direction.


Example:

Vancouver tipically have colder water on the coast. And we get lots of rain.

Term

Structural Adaptation

Definition

-It's a physical feature of an organism, having a specific function-->increases its survival


Example: Turtles have hard shell in order to protect themselves.

[image]

 

Term

Behavioural Adaptation

Definition

-it's an adaptation of what an organism does (choose to do) increases survival.


Example: Bird Migration

[image]

Term

Physiological Adaptation

Definition

-It's a physical or chemical events that occurs within the body that increase survival.


Example:

Camels have an ability to go for a long time without water.

Term

Tundra

Definition

-A vast, treeless region of Europe, Asia and North America.

-Soil is permanently froozen.

-Flat terrain


Example:

Upper Northern Hemisphere, below polar seas.

[image]

Term

Boreal Forest

Definition

-A type of biome locate in Northern hemisphere, has short growing season, rough terrain and many warshes, lakes and wetland.

-Coniferous trees; plants are all tall


Example:

[image]

 

Term

Temperate Decduous Forest

Definition

-A type of biome found in Eastern Asia, Eastern USA and Europe

-Has big change in temperature.

-Hot summer and cold winter

-Great biodiversity


Example:

[image]

 

Term

Energy Flow

Definition

-The transfer of the energy through the food chain.


Example:

[image]

Term

Ecological Pyramid

Definition

-Ecological Pyramid is a graph that shows the biomass of each trophic level in a ecosystem.


Example:

[image]

Term

Temperate Rainforest

Definition

-A biome found in Western N.A, has GREAT precipitation and high temp(5~25˚C)

-Trees grow tall+evergreen.


Ex:

BC,

[image]

Term

Grassland(Temperate)

Definition

-The Biome found in 5~20˚N lantitude.

-25-100cm rainfall

-summer is hot, winter's cold.


Example

[image]

Term

Grassland(Tropical)

Definition

-Biome found in Africa, South America and North Australia(around the equator---tropical)

-warmer and has more rainfall than the temperate grassland.


Example:

[image] 

Term

Desert

Definition

-A really hot and dry biome, locate in area around 30 degree north to 30 degree south lantitude.

-hot desert: 7-28 degree celcius.

 cold desert: -2~26 degree celcius


Example:

sahara desert, west australia

[image]

Term

Permanent Ice

Definition

-The biome with permanent ice..extremely cold temp, low precipitation.

-Lots of strong wind, little sunshine

-mostly snow, -30 degree celcius.


Ex: Arclic, greenland, antarclia

[image]

Term

Tropical Forest

Definition

-The biome which locate around the equator, with large amount of different plant species.

-rains a LOT

-20~25 degree celcius as average temp.


Example:

Southern east Asia, South Merica and middle africa.

[image]

Term

Trophic Level

Definition

-Each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, consisting of organisms sharing the same function in the food chain.

 


Example

[image]

Term

Biomass

Definition

-The total amount/weight of a kind of species in an ecosystem/trophic level.


Example

[image]

Term

Symbiotic relationship

Definition

-The relationship between organisms that live in the same ecosystem.

-can be between animals and plants, animals and animals or plants&plants.

-the relationship that organism can have an impact on each other.


Example: commensalism, mutualism, parasitism, etc.

Term

Mutualism

Definition

-Both organisms are dependent on each other.

-They live together and sometimes can't even survive without the other.


IN lichen, the alga produces sugars and oxygen for the fungus, which provides carbon dioxide and water for the alga.

Term

Commensalism

Definition

-An organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed.


Example:

In India, lone golden jackals expelled from their pack have been known to form commensal relationships with tigers.

Term

Parasitism

Definition

-One species benefits from another and another is harmed.


Example:

mosquito gets nourishment from human's blood.

Term

Competition

Definition

-Organisms required the same but limit resources at the same location and time, they compete for the resources.


-plants in the tropical rainforest grow higher in order to get more sunlight and prevent the growth of other plants.

Term

Predation

Definition

-One organism(the predator) eats all or part of another organism(the prey)


Example:

cheetah hunts gazelles.

[image]

Term

Mimicry

Definition

-Prey animal mimics another species that's dangerous in order to avoid danger.


Example

Viceroy butterflies look like bitter-tasting monarch butterflies and are avoid by predators.

Term

Inter/Intra-species

Definition

-inter-species: between the same species

-intra-species: between different species.


Example:

-A and B are friends, the relationship btw A and B(human and human) is inter-species relationship.

-A has a dog named C, the relationship between A and C(dog with a human) is intra-species relationship.

Term

Producer

Definition

-The 1˚ trophic level, organisms that produce energy(transform solar energy to chemical energy)

-Plants are always producers.


-Grass, trees, etc.

[image]

Term

Consumer

Definition

-Organisms eat producers or other consumers and consume energy.


Example: Animals.

[image]

Term

Decomposer

Definition

-they eat dead stuff and release nurtrition, close the energy loop


Example: some kind of bacteria or fungi

[image]

Term

Food Chain

Definition

-Picture that shows the flow of energy from plants to animals or from animals to animals.(predation btwm plants and animals or animals and animals)


Example:

[image]

Term

Food Web

Definition

-Graph that shows feeding relationship or intereaction within an ecosystem.


Ex:

[image]

Term

Secondary/Tertiary

Definition

-Secondary: describe the trophic level, secondary means 2˚ ex) secondary consumer means 2˚ consumer.

-Tertiary means 3, ex) tertiary consumer means 3˚ consumer.

Term

Keystone Species

Definition

-Species that can greatly affect conditions of other organisms, and the health of the ecosystem.


Example:

Salman, they're food source for bear, wolf, eagle, decaying bodies can provide plants nourishment.

Term

Nurtrients

Definition

-Chemicals (nourishment) that are required for plants+animal growth and other life process.


Example:

[image]

Term

Stores

Definition

-The amount of nutrients stores in the earth's atmosphere, ocean, and landmasses(for a short or a long time)


Example:

 

Term

Organic

Definition

-things that is or was living (contains carbon)


Example: CH4, C2H5OH, etc

Term

Inorganic

Definition

-the opposite concept of "organic"

-The things that is not living and never was.(with no carbon contain)


Example: sunlight, water, atmosphere

Term

Five chemical elements(chemical nutrients)

Definition

-Five types of elements that limit the amount and the types of life possible in an ecosystem.

-These elements are: Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), oxygen(O),nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)

 

Term

The Carbon Cycle

Definition

-It's a close loop of the carbon cycle.

-Carbon is exchange among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth.

-It cycled thru the photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition, ocean processes, volcanic eruption, forest fires...


Example:

[image]

Term

The Nitrogen Cycle

Definition

-A biochemical cycle of nitrogen.

-Nitrogen cycled through the nitrogen fixation, nitrification&uptake, and denitrification.


Example:

[image]

Term

Nitrogen Fixation

Definition

-The process in which nitrogen gas is change into compound that contain nitrates(NO3-) or ammonion(NH4+), which is both usable by plants.

Example: This process occurs in the atmosphere---by lightening, soil---by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the water---cyanobacteria.

Term

Nitrification&uptake

Definition

-A process that transforme ammonion to Nitrite, then change nitrite to nitrate, which is usable by plant.

-occurs in soil by nitrifying bacteria.

-NOcan enter plant roots and help growth, and herbivores then eat the plants and cycle continue.


[image]

Term

Denitrification

Definition

-Process that return nitrogen to the atmosphere(as N2).

-takes place in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

-Denitifying bacteria convert NO2back into N2.


Example:

[image]

Term

The Phosphorus Cycle

Definition

-The process that phosphorus cycled in the ecosystem.

-Through weathering, plants, etc.


Example:

[image]

Term

How Chemicals Move Through the Food Chain

Definition

-Decomposers such as bacteria or fungi break down the chemicals that enter an ecosystem.

-These chemicals can be ether organic or cynthetic.


Example: carbon, nitrogen...but also mercury, cadmiun, etc.

Term

Bioaccumulation

Definition

-Gradual build up of chemicals in living organisms when chemicals are taken up and stored faster than it's broken down.


Example: It's like the paint on the palette. If you the paint are more than the water could wash, it will "store" on the palette.

like this:

[image]

Term

Biomagnification

Definition

-The process that there's more chemicals store at higher trophic level.


Higher trophic level are like a larger magnets, which can attracted more chemicals---biomagnification.

[image] 

Term

Red Tide Toxin

Definition

-It's an organic toxin produced by algae bloom

-As the shellfish eat the algae, the toxin bioaccumulate to a level that's poisonous to other organisms

-Can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.


Example:

[image]

Term

PCBs

Definition

-It's a synthetic toxin used for heat change, paints, plastics, etc.

-It has a long half-life---PCBs stay in organisms and environment in a long time.


Example: 

[image]

Term

DDT

Definition

-The organic tixin that biomagnifies and has a long half-life.

-5ppm of DDT is considered harmful to organisms.

-DDT bioaccumulates in fat tissue.

-Nervous, immune, reproductive system can be damaged by it.


Example:

[image]

Term

Heavy Metals

Definition

-High density(heavy) metals.

-They're toxic to organisms at low concentrations.


Example:

Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, etc.

Term

Soil trapping

Definition

-The method used to reduce the effects of chemical pollutants.

-It's a chemical reaction to produce insoluable compound.

Term

Bioremediation

Definition

-Use living organisms to clean up pollutents/chemicals.

-feed on chemicals and reduce than to non-toxic compound.


Example:

[image]

Term

Organic Farming

Definition

-Farming plants/animals without using herbicides, steroids, fertilizers, etc.


Example:

[image]

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