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Ecology-Long Dang
Chapter 3 Vocab
31
Biology
9th Grade
01/16/2007

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Term
Ecology
Definition
The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their enviroment, or surroundings.
Term
Biosphere
Definition
Contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land,water, and air, atmosphere.
Term
Species
Definition
A group of orgnisms so simlar to the one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Term
Populations
Definition
Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
Term
Communities
Definition
Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area.
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
A collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment.
Term
Biome
Definition
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities.
Term
Autotrophs
Definition
Plants, some algae, and certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food.
Term
Producer
Definition
Capture energy from sunlight or from chemicals to produce their food.
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
process by which plants and some other organismsuse light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugar and starches.
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
Organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
Term
Heterotrophs
Definition
Organisms that reply on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
Term
Consumer
Definition
Organisms that eat another organisms.
Term
Herbivores
Definition
Obtain energy by eating only plants.
Term
Carnivores
Definition
Obtain energy by eating other animals.
Term
Omnivores
Definition
Obtain energy by eating both plants and animals.
Term
Detritivores
Definition
Feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
Term
Decomposers
Definition
breaks down organic matter.
Term
Food Chain
Definition
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eating.
Term
Food Web
Definition
Feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions.
Term
Trophic Level
Definition
Each step in a food chain or food web.
Term
Ecological Pyramid
Definition
A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web.
Term
Biomass
Definition
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
Term
Biogeochemical cycles
Definition
Elements, chemical compounds, and other form one part of the biosphere to another.
Term
Evaporation
Definition
Water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas.
Term
Transpiration
Definition
Water enter the atmosphere by evaportion from the leaves of plants.
Term
Nutrients
Definition
All the chemical subtances that an organism needs to sustain life.
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
bacteria, which live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes, convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Term
Denitrification
Definition
other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas.
Term
Primary profuctivity
Definition
the rate at which organic matter is created by producer.
Term
Limiting nutrient
Definition
ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycle very slowly.
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