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Ecology Lab Exam 2
24 April 2012
86
Biology
Undergraduate 4
04/23/2012

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Cards

Term
% of all insects live in the jungles
Definition
80%
Term
Dugongs eat
Definition
sea grass
Term
Midway between South Africa and the South Pole lies the isolated island of _____, the island sits in the roarinf forties where the dale force winds draw forests up to feed king penguins
Definition
island of Marion
Term
South American Araucaria trees are known as
Definition
monkey puzzels
Term
The Indonesian reefs contain such a variety of life because they lie at a giant cross roads. this is the meeting place for different seas
Definition
the Indian and Pacific
Term
The Nine North towering Chimneys host the fastest growing marine invertebrates known
Definition
giant tubeworms
Term
The ___ is the world's smallest deer
Definition
pudu
Term
The desert of Bahrain a very unlikely place to find a crowded brustling colony of sea birds but every year a hundred thousand _______ gather here to breed
Definition
SOCOTRA CORMORANTS
Term
There is more living matter in a seasonal forest of ____ ____, than in any tropical rainforest but its all contained within the trees
Definition
giant conifers
Term
Within the Taiga Forest creatures are scarce because few can eat
Definition
conifer needles
Term
a large humpback eats ____ ____ of krill a day
Definition
three tons
Term
a single hectare of rainforest may contain as many as ___ species of tree
Definition
250
Term
a very unlikely place to find a crowded brustling colony of sea birds but every year a hundred thousand SOCOTRA CORMORANTS gather here to breed
Definition
The Desert of Bahrain
Term
at the Taiga Forest's northern extent the growing season can last for just ? month(s) a year
Definition
one month
Term
at the sea floor the pressure is how many times as that of the surface?
Definition
three hundred
Term
by weight, ___ are the most abundant animals on earth
Definition
Krill
Term
coral reegs within tropical shallow seas contain ____ of all marine life on our planet
Definition
1/4
Term
elephants eat clay because
Definition
it helps absorb toxins found in many leaves they eat it is also vital nutrients
Term
from Borneo adapt to living in low nutrient soils by luring ants into its plant with nectar glands and keeping it there with waxy sides
Definition
pitcher plants
Term
in the Western Pacific bordering Japan _____ ____ are a series of hot vents erupting in darkness and bacteria thrive
Definition
dragon chimneys
Term
in the amazon, ___ of all the rainwater that falls come from clouds produced by the trees themselves
Definition
1/2
Term
this fungus in the tropical rainforest jungle the fruiting body of ______ erupts from ant's head
Definition
cordyceps
Term
largest herbivores in the sea
Definition
Dugongs
Term
largest of all stingrays
Definition
short-tailed stingray
Term
one grove of redwoods in ___ contains three of the tallest trees on earth

Over 100m high, the size of a thirty story building
Definition
California
Term
one of the ocean's most formidable hunter weighing sixty kilos
Definition
sailfish
Term
periodical cicada take __ years underground to mature
Definition
seventeen
Term
rarest cat on Earth
Definition
Amur Leopard
Term
sea algae are tiny but together, they produce _____ of all the oxygen in our planet atomsphere
Definition
three quarters
Term

for sharks:

taste in water, is the equivalent of ____ in ____

Definition
taste in water, is equivalent of _smell_ in _air_.
Term
the Great Barrier Reef is so big it can be seen from
Definition
the moon
Term
the ___ is the largest unbroken stretch of rainforest in the world
Definition
amazon
Term
the ___ is the least explored of all jungles
Definition
congo
Term
the ___ tree is a magnet for a great diversity of aniimals within the tropical rainforest jungle
Definition
fig
Term
the ____ ___ known as ___ ___, a relative of the redwood, is the largest living thing on earth
Definition
Giant Sequoia, known as General Sherman
Term
the ____ ____ uses its feet to taste for prey within kelp sea beds
Definition
sunflower starfish
Term
the ____ are home to over 1/2 of the worlds species
Definition
tropical rainforest
Term
the ____ are the oldest organisms on the planet
Definition
bristelcone pines
Term
the ____ lures eighty million sea birds to the island each summer
greatest concentration to be found anywhere on earth
Definition
the Aleutian Island
Term
the ____ reef contain ten times the number of coral species than tat of the carrabbean
Definition
Indonesian
Term
the biggest fish of all: thirty tons in weight, ten meters long
Definition
whale shark
Term
the floor of the Atlantic Ocean is split in two by an immense _________ chain that winds unbroken for forty-five thousand miles around the globe
Definition
volcanic mountain chain
Term
the largest dose of fertilizer in the natural world
trees get an immense growth spurt
Definition
Periodical Cicada carcus
Term
the largest expanse of underwater meadows grows in the shallow waters of
Definition
Shark Bay, in western Australia
Term
the sea floor is over how many miles down
Definition
two
Term
the sea spider is a small relative of __ and __
Definition
shrimp & crabs
Term
the smallest cat in all the Americas
Definition
Kodkod cat
Term
the tropical rainforest jungle occupies only % of land
Definition
3%
Term
the whale shark's huge bulk is sustained by

what do the whale sharks eat?
Definition
sea plankton
Term
the wolverine is
Definition
a huge weasel
Term
the world's smallest primate
Definition
mouse lemur
Term
there are as many trees within this forest as in the entire world's rainforests combined
Definition
taiga forest
Term
there are individual reefs in ___ that contain almost as many kinds of fish as live in the whole of the caribbean
Definition
indonesia
Term
there are only __ Amur Leopards left in the wild
Definition
40
Term
there are thought to be nearly _____ different types of fungi in the tropics
Definition
a million
Term
this forest produces so much oxygen that it refreshes the atmosphere of the entire planet
Definition
taiga forest
Term
what kind of octopus  has no need for jet propulsion since it lives so deep in the water? instead it flaps fins.
Definition
dumbo octopus
Term
within oceanic volcanic mountains, clouds of sulfides solidify into _____ as tall as a three story house
Definition
chimneys
Term
within the Pacific ocean near the Galapagos Islands, there are fisstures venting superheated waters known as
Definition
Nine North towering Chimneys
Term
within the taiga forest it cah take ? years for a tree to get bigger than a seedling
Definition
50 years
Term
within the tropical rainforest jungle only % of sunlight filters down to the forest floor
Definition
2%
Term
world's smallest sea horse
Definition
pygmy sea horse
Term
Cover, density, and frequency of a plant species can be accurately estimated from as little as % of the community
Definition
1%
Term
The selection of ------can be based on typical sites (releve), random samples, systemic samples in a regular pattern, or by a combination of rancom and systematic selection
Definition
sample site
Term
the relve method uses
Definition
subjective sides of sample location, the process of recording data is relatively rapid and nonmathemetical.
Term
methods, which are commonly used in the United States, are more conductive to statistical analysis.
Definition
ststematic and random
Term
this method may be much less convienent than systematic sampeling but the regular sampeling of a population showing periodic variation would not be representative of a population as a whole.
Definition
random sampeling
Term
plots of a standard size
Definition
quadrant sampeling
Term
delimits an area in which vegitation cover can be estimated, plants counted, or species listed
Definition
a quadrant
Term

can be established randomly, regularly, or subjectively within a study site

 

 

shit

Definition
quadrants
Term
____ quadrants can be most accurate because they have the smallest perimeter for a given area. ____ quadrants are also simple to define in the field, requiring only a center state and a tape measure
Definition
round
Term
a ____ size should be large enough to include significant numbers of individuals but small enough so that plants can be separated, counted, and measured without the suplication or omission of individuals
Definition
a plot size
Term
___,___, and ___ are important aspects of the plant community which can be measured by quadrant sampeling
Definition
cover, density, and frequency
Term
the percentage of quadrant area beneath the canapy of given species
Definition
cover
Term
is dertemined by the number of plants rooted within each quadrant
Definition
density
Term
the percentage of total quadrants containing at least one rooted indivisual of a given species
Definition
frequency
Term
the ___ is named based on the most abundant species composition
Definition
community
Term
the ____ method is quick, nonmathematical, and should detect nearly all plant species in a given community.
cover is measure as a categoty
Definition
releve
Term
has partly replaced quadrant sampeling in the North American studies
Definition
plot-less samlping
Term
advantages of plot-less sampeling
Definition
1. sample plot does not need to be established saving time
2. elimination of subjective error associated with the sample plot boundaries
Term
in plot-less sampling
two measurements should be taken for each plant
Definition
the length of intercept (I)
the maximum width of the plant perpendiculat to the transect line (M)
Term
in plot-less sampling
___ is calculated as the percent of transect line covered by each species
Definition
cover
Term
measure the distance from a sampling point (or plant) to the nearest plant or nth nearest plant.
Definition
distance methods.
Term
in distance methods
___ is calculated as in the nearest individual technique.
Definition
density
Term
was developed to integrate the most desirable feature of photo print method with soil and vegetation data.
Definition
the western austrailian rangeland monitoring system (WARMS)
Term
the number of frequency categories munus 1 and the significance level typicall is 0.05.
Definition
Degrees of Freedom (DF)
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