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Ecology I&II
Ecology notes sections I and II
46
Science
9th Grade
09/13/2009

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Cards

Term
Ecology
Definition
the study of interactions among organisms and between organisns and their environments
Term
Abiotic Fators are...
Definition
nonliving things
Term
What are some examples of abiotic factors?
Definition
Temperature, water. sunlight, wind, rocks, and soil
Term
What is a periodic disturbance?
Definition
natural disasters
Term
What is a biotic factor?
Definition
a living thing (examples: animals and plants)
Term
What are all the levels of ecological organization? order in largest to smallest.
Definition
Biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, community, population, species, then individual
Term
biosphere
Definition
portion of earth that supports all life
Term
biomes
Definition
areas with similar climate and species
Term
ecosystems
Definition
living and nonliving things in an area ( ex: terrestial, marine aquatic, and freshwater aquatic)
Term
community
Definition
living things in an area
Term
population
Definition
group organisms of the same species that inerbreed and live in the same palce at the same time
Term
Habitat
Definition

place where an organism lives

 

Term
Niche
Definition
role and position a species has in its environment
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
close association of organisms of different species
Term
commensalism
Definition
one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped
Term
mutualism
Definition
both organisms are helped
Term
parasitism
Definition
one organism is helped and the other is harmed
Term
predation
Definition
predator consumes a prey
Term
competition
Definition
two organsims fight for something they both want
Term
Autotrophs (producers)
Definition

makes its own food

photo- goes through photosynthesis, plants

chemo- don't use sunlight, bacteria

Term
heterotrophs (consumers)
Definition
predator to prey, detritovore, scavengers, coprovore
Term
detritovore
Definition
eats decaying plant materials (worm)
Term
scavenger
Definition
feeds on something that is already dead
Term
coprovore
Definition
eats poop
Term
decomposers
Definition
eats dead or decomposing materials ( fungi, bacteria)
Term
Food chain
Definition
Show how matter and energy flow through ecosystems
Term
trophic level
Definition
food level
Term
food web
Definition
expresses all possible feeding relationships at each level
Term
energy pyramid
Definition
energy decreases at each succeeding tropic level; only 10% of the energy is passed
Term
pyramid of numbers
Definition
estimate of population size at each trophic level
Term
pyramid of biomass
Definition
mass of living material at each trophic level
Term
plants obtain phosporous from
Definition
the soil
Term
animals obtain phosporous from
Definition
death and decation
Term
Phosporous returns to soil through
Definition
plants
Term
limiting factors
Definition
environmental factors that affect an organisms ability to survive
Term
succesion
Definition
natural orderly change and species replacement in community
Term
Primary succession
Definition
new land is created (ex: glacier recedes or volcano destroys soil)
Term
pioneer species
Definition
first species in an area (usually lichen)
Term
secondary succession
Definition
communtiy is disrupted by a natural disaster or human actions; faster than primary succession
Term
Tundra
Definition
near the poles of the earth; low rainfal and low temperature ( usually below freezing) topsoil is permafrost; grasses, shrubs, mosquitos, reindeer, and weasels
Term
Taiga
Definition

(northern coniferous forest)

south of tundra

moderate rainfall, wetter than tundra

temp. = wetter than tundra

fir and spruce trees

caribou and snowshoe hare

Term
Temperate Forest
Definition

(decidous forest)

east coast of the US

moderately high rainfall

distinct seasons

hardwood trees, and bushes

black bear, squirrels

humus and clay

Term
tropical rainforest
Definition

near equator;

very high rainfall and temperature;

soil has very few nutrients;

 

Term
Grassland
Definition

(prairies, steppes, pampas)

north america, austalia, africa, and russia;

moderate rainfall and temperature

soil is very fertile

Term
desert
Definition

near equator and othersise of mtns;

very little rainfall;

very high temp

soil is sandy dry

Term
Marine
Definition

(ocean)

3/4 of the earth

temp, varies

algae and plankton

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