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Earthquakes
N/A
28
Science
5th Grade
01/06/2010

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Term
What is an Earthquake??
Definition
The shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
Term
What is stress??
Definition
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
Term
What is volume??
Definition
The amount of space an object takes up.
Term
What do shearing,tension,and compression work over millions of years to do??
Definition
To change the shape and volume of rock.
Term
Describe shearing and tell what effect it has on rock.
Definition
It is a stress force that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions. Its effect is that it can cause rock to break and slip apart or to change its shape.
Term
What kind of fault is shearing??
Definition
A strike-slip fault
Term
Describe tension and tell what effect it can have on rock.
Definition
Tension is another stress force that pulls on the crust,stretchhing rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. The effect of this is somewhat like pulling apart warm bubblegum.
Term
Describe compression and tell what affect it has on rock.
Definition
Compression is another stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. The affect is that one plate pusing against another can compress rock.
Term
What kind of fault is tension?? Compression??
Definition
Normal fault is tension and reverse is compression
Term
What is deformation??
Definition
Any change im the volume or shape of Earth's crust.
Term
How does deformation change earth's surface??
Definition
Deformation changes Earth's surface because the plates slowly move and crack the crust and also be bent, stretched, tilted, folded, and slid.
Term
What is a fault??
Definition
A crack in Earth's crust
Term
Where to faults usually occur??
Definition
Along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust so much that the crust breaks.
Term
What happens at a strike-slip fault??
Definition
The rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion.
Term
What fault in California is an example of a strike-slip fault??
Definition
The San Andreas Fault
Term
What happens at a normal fault??
Definition
The fault is at an angle, so one block lies below the fault while the other lies below the fault.
Term
What is a hanging wall??
Definition
The half or the fault that lies above the fault.
Term
What is the footwall??
Definition
The half of the fault that lies below the fault
Term
What rift valley is an example of a normal fault??
Definition
The Rio Grande rift valley.
Term
What happens at a reverse fault??
Definition
The same thing as a normal fault but they move in opposite directions.
Term
What mountains did a reverse fault create a part of??
Definition
The Appalachian Mountains
Term
What is friction??
Definition
The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.
Term
Over millions of years, fault movement can change what??
Definition
A flat plain into a towering mountain range.
Term
When normal faults uplift a block of rock, what forms??
Definition
A fault-block mountain
Term
What are folds??
Definition
bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth's crust.
Term
What is an anticline??
Definition
A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch.
Term
What is a syncline??
Definition
A fold in rock that bemds downward into an arch.
Term
What is a plateau??
Definition
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
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