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Earth Space Unit Rock Test
N/A
43
Science
8th Grade
03/19/2012

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Cards

Term
Streak
Definition
the color of a minerals powder
Term
Flouresence
Definition
state of glowing while under an ultra violet light
Term
Phospheresence
Definition
when a rock continues to glow after the UV light is turned off
Term
Luster
Definition

the way minerals shine in light


1. Metallic

2. Non-Metallic

Term

Acid Test


(provide 2 examples)

Definition

test to see if a mineral contains calcium


ex. limestone and marble

Term

Magnetic


(provide example)

Definition

having the ability to attract certain metals


ex. magnitite

Term
Cleavage
Definition

tendency to split well


(mica)

Term
Fracture
Definition

when minerals break along surfaces other than cleavages


(conchodial fracture=swirly)

Term
What 5 things define a mineral?
Definition

1. inorganic 

2. naturally occuring

3. definite chemical composition

4. definite crystallins structure

5. solid

Term
What are the 3 steps of mineral formation?
Definition

1. magma cooling

2. evaporation of H2O

3. heat pressure or chemical reaction

Term
Color
Definition
least reliable way of identifying minerals
Term
Specific Gravity
Definition

the ratio of the mineral's mass to an equal volume of water


(formula: SG=wa/wa-ww)

     

Term
Taste
Definition

used to determine if it's halite

(very salty)

Term
Double Refraction
Definition
when looking through calcite, you can see two edges on it
Term
What are the minerals hardness in least to greatest?
Definition

1. talc

2. gypsum

3. calcite

3. fluorite

5. apatite

6. potassium feldspar

7.quartz

8. topaz

9. corundum

10. diamond 

Term
Hardness
Definition

the resistance to being scratched


(diamonds are hardess)

Term
What is the hardess and most common surface mineral?
Definition
quartz
Term
What are silicate minerals? What rocks are in the silicate mineral family?
Definition

all have silicon and oxygen


1. quartz

2. feldspar

a. othroclase (lighter)

b. plagioclase (darker)

3. mica

a. muscovite

b. biotite

4. talc

Term
What is a ferromagnesium silicate? What minerals are in this family?
Definition

minerals contain iron, magnesium, silicon, and O2


1. horneblend (dark, long needles)

2. augite (short, dark crystals) 

Term
What are carbonates? What minerals are in the carbonate family?
Definition

do not contain silicon

(all react to acid test)

1. calcite (most common CaCO3)

a. icelandic spar has double refraction

2. dolomite (also contains magnesium)

3. malachite and azurite ( both also contain copper)

(m=green) (a=blue)


Term
What are ferrous materials? What minerals are in this family? 
Definition

non-silicate


1. hematite (brownish red streak) (fe2O3)

2. magnitite (attracted to magnets) (mineral=lodestone) (fe3O4)

3. pyrite (fools gold) (feS2)

Term
What are rocks?
Definition

minerals, sediments, rock glass, and organic matter


(minerals make up rocks chemical composition)

Term
What are the three classifications of rocks?
Definition

1. igneous (magma or lava) (come form volcanoes)

2. sedimentary (comes from sediments that occur from wathering and erosin)

3. metamorphic (changing rocks due to burial or heat)

Term

What are igneous rocks?

What are two things they form from?

Definition

cooling molten rock


1. magma- interior 

*really hot

2. lava- exterior

*cooler than magma

Term
What are 4 types of magma and lava properties?
Definition

1. hot

2. viscousity (resistance to flow) (thick+cool) (high silicate content=viscousity is thick and cool and hard to flow) (low silicate content=viscousity is thin and hot and easier to flow)

3. texture - how large grains are and how fast they cool (coarse=large, fine=tiny, frothy= has vesicles)

4. location (magma- intrusive, coarse grain) (lava- extrusive, fine, frothy, glass)

(in betweeners are porphyry)

Term

What are the 2 magma types? 


(they are based on melts)

Definition

1. felsic

(high silicate content, high viscousity,cooler, very explosive, pyroclasic flow)

2. mafic

(darker, reduced silica, more iron, hotter, less viscousity(flows more))


*lava- moves in path ways

Term
What are the igneous rock families? How are the classified?
Definition

1. granite - felsic

(extrusive)

2.gabbro- mafic

3. intermediate- mixture of felsic and mafic

Term
What rocks are in the granite family?
Definition

1. extrusive rocks- obsidian (dark) (glass), 

pumice (light) (frothy)

*out of all the gases that come out of volcanoes, H20 is the most.

others include: CO2+SO2

2. porphyry rocks- rhyolyte

3. intrusive rocks- granite



Term
What rocks are in the gabbro family?
Definition

1. extrusive rocks- basalt glass, scoria (should float) 

contains iron and magnesium^

2. porphyry  rocks- basalt (fine grain)

3. intrusive rocks- gabbro

 

* basalt is considered the marine/ ocean igneous rock

Term
What rocks are in the intermediate rock family?
Definition

1. intrusive rocks - diorite (large, coarse grains)

2. extrusive rocks - andesite (fine grains)

Term
What is a pluton?
Definition
any magma formation that cools at depth
Term
What are the 5 intrusions of magma?
Definition

1. dike - pluton - verticle

2. sill - pluton - parallel

3. laccolith - pluton - dome shaped

4. volcanic neck - extinct volcanoes

5. batholith - large granite masses that form at the core of mountains (felsic)

Term
What is a matamorphic rock?
Definition
the changing of exsisting rock by heat, pressure, and/or chemical action to create a new rock
Term
What does sandstone, compact limestone, bituminous coal, and shale metamorphsize into?
Definition

1. sandstone -> quartzite

2. compact limestone -> marble

*(both react to acis test)

3. bituminous coal -> antracite -> graphite

4. shale -> slate -> phyllite -> schist


*the first rocks are the parent rocks

Term
What are the two types of metamorphism? 
Definition

1. dynamic

2. thermal

Term
What is dynamic metamorphism?
Definition

- always moving (regional) - large area

- associated with mountain building

- intense friction causes heat which then causes pressure


*foliation occurs from heat and pressure

ex. gneiss

Term
What is foliation?
Definition

layering of minerals due to heat and pressure 


*minerals recrystalize

Term
What is recrystalization?
Definition
occurs to recrystalize
Term
What are straitions?
Definition
bands of different materials
Term
What is gneiss?
Definition
the rock formed from the end of foliation
Term
What is thermal metamorphism?
Definition

- through contact - has to touch


*caused by volcanoes - heat, hot liquids (magma), hot gases

*NO FOLIATION!

*a volcano doesnt have to errupt, all you need is intrusions

EX. MARBLE

Term
What are the results of metamorphism?
Definition

1. the further you go, the denser the rock is

(squeezes out impurities, water, and air pockets)

2. more crystalline

3. recrystallization - can end up with different minerals

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