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Earth Science Final Study Guide
7th Grade Earth Science Final Study Guide
92
Science
7th Grade
12/16/2014

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Term
On a topographic map, which connects points of equal elevation?
Definition
Contour Lines
Term
A landform made up of flat or gently rolling land with low relief is a
Definition
Plain
Term
A hemisphere is
Definition
one half of the sphere that makes up Earth's surface.
Term
What can be used to find the elevation feature on a topographic map?
Definition
an index contour
Term
The toporaphy of an area depends on:
Definition
Landforms, relief, & elevation....NOT...Pixels
Term
Which of the following is often a main difference between a coastal plain adn an interior plain?
Definition
Elevation
Term
What is a list of all of a map's symbols called?
Definition
A key
Term
The prime meridian runs through
Definition
Greenwich, England
Term
The imaginary line that circles Earth halfway between the poles is called the __.
Definition
Equator
Term
A map's ____ relates distance on a map to a distance on Earth's Surface.
Definition
Scale
Term
A large area of land where the topography is similar is called a(n) _______.
Definition
Landform region
Term
A satellite image is made of thousands of tiny dots called ___.
Definition
Pixels
Term
A framework of lines that helps to show landmasses correctly on a flat surface is called a(n) __.
Definition
Map Projection
Term
The elevation differece between one contour line and the next is called the __.
Definition
Contour Interval
Term
A landform that has high elevation adn more or less level surface is called ___.
Definition
Plateau
Term
How is a plain similar to a plateau?
Definition
They both have low relief.
Term
What are the 3 main types of landforms?
Definition

Plain

Plateau

Mountain 

Term
Give an example of a Mountain Range
Definition
Bitteroot
Term
Give an example of a Mountain System
Definition
Rocky Mountains
Term
Give an exmaple of a mountain belt
Definition
Rocky Mountains with other mountains
Term
Halite is a mineral formed through the evaporation of
Definition
A solution
Term
Mineral from which metals can be removed is usable amounts are called
Definition
Ore
Term
A Mineral is a ____.
Definition
Solid
Term
The color of a minerals powder is the mineral's
Definition
Streak
Term
Becasue minerals do not come from once living material, they are said to be
Definition
Inorganic
Term
In a mineral, the particles line up in a repeating pattern to form a(n)
Definition
Crystal
Term
What Characteristic is used to determine the color of a minerals powder?
Definition
Streak
Term
Minerals that do not split easily into flat pieces have a property called
Definition
Fracture
Term
A narrow band of minerals that lies between rock layers is a ___.
Definition
Vein
Term
If you say a mineral is waxy, you are describing the minerals'
Definition
Luster
Term
The process of removing metal from ore is called
Definition
Mining
Term
A hard colorful mineral that is shiny is called a
Definition
Gemstone
Term
A rock that contains a metal or other useful mineral is a
Definition
Ore
Term
Mineral crystals form when maga __.
Definition
Cools
Term
List the 5 Characteristics that all minerals have
Definition

1. Naturally occuring

2. inroganic

3. solid

4. crystal structure

5. definite chemical composition

Term
The amount of mass in a given volume of a substance is ___.
Definition
Density
Term
The hardest mineral is a ___
Definition
Diamond
Term
A mineral that splits easily into flat pieces has the property ____.
Definition
Cleavage
Term
Copper & Silver are a kind of mineral called ____.
Definition
Metal
Term
A solid mixture containing at least one metal is a ____.
Definition
Alloy
Term
What is the formula for Density?
Definition
D- Mass divided by Volume
Term
Which of Earth's layers has the higest temperature?
Definition
Core
Term
Which of Earht's layers is the thinnest?
Definition
Crust
Term
Oceanic crust is amde of
Definition
Basalt
Term
The transfer of heat by the movement of particles in fluids is called
Definition
Convection
Term
Earth is like a giant magnet becasue of the convection currents in teh
Definition
Outer core
Term
The process in which continents slowly move is called
Definition
Continental Drift
Term
What happens in sea floor spreading?
Definition
new Rock forms
Term
Earth's plates move because of
Definition
Convection Currents
Term
A boundary where two plates push together is called a
Definition
convergent boundary
Term
Subduction
Definition
Happens at deep ocean trenches
Term
Two examples of evidence geologist collect to learn about Earth's interior include
Definition
Rock samples and Seismic waves
Term
The transfer of energy through space is called
Definition
Radiation
Term
__ is a measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance.
Definition
Density
Term
The main difference between the outer and inner core is that
Definition
The outer core is a liquid and the inner core is a solid
Term
What are the 3 main types of heat transfer?
Definition
Radiation, conduction, convection
Term
___ is a dark rock with a fine texture.
Definition
Basalt
Term
___ is a light rock with coarse texture.
Definition
Granite
Term
What is the difference between conduction and convection?
Definition

conduction -uses an object- must be toucing. 

Convection- does use an object..uses liquid 

Term
Who proposed the concept of continental drift?
Definition
Alfred Wegener
Term
Why did most Scientists reject Wegener's hypothesis of contiental drift?
Definition
They would have to change their long time thoery about the moutnains.
Term
The movement of energy from a warmer object to  a cooler object is called
Definition
heat transfer
Term
An example of radiation would be
Definition
sitting around a campfire
Term
Heat transfer by convection is caused by the difference of _____ and density within a fluid
Definition
Temperature
Term
When a fluids temperature increases it's density
Definition
Decreases
Term
What happens to convection currents when the liquid or gas is not longer heated?
Definition
They eventually stop
Term
convetion currents take place in what two layers of the Earth?
Definition
Core & Mantle
Term
The heat source for the convection currents in teh mantle is the
Definition
Core
Term
When a fluids temperature decreases its density
Definition
Increases
Term
An example of indirect evidence is
Definition
Seismic Waves
Term
An example of direct evidence is
Definition
Rock samples
Term
As you go from the surface towards teh center of the earth, pressure
Definition
Increases
Term
The earth's outer "skin" is also knwon as
Definition
the crust
Term
Rigid layer that includes the upper part of the mantel & the crust is
Definition
Lithosphere
Term
Solid material beneath the asthenosphere
Definition
Lower Mantle
Term
Soft layer just below the lithosphere
Definition
Asthenosphere
Term
What creates Earth's magnetic field
Definition
Movements in the liquid outer core
Term
The Place where two plates move apart or diverge is called _____boundaries.
Definition
Divergent
Term
A place where two plates come together is called ____ boundaries.
Definition
Convergent
Term
A place where two plates slip past each other moving in oppostie directions is called _____ boundaries.
Definition
Transform
Term
The Thoery of ______ states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in slow, constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.
Definition
Plate Tectonics
Term
A ____ theory is a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
Definition
Scientific
Term
Breaks in Earth's crust where rocks have slipped past each other are commonly called
Definition
Faults
Term
"Pangea" means
Definition
all lands
Term
The _ocean is expanding while the __ ocean is shrinking.
Definition
Atlantic,  Pacific
Term
A deep valley that forms along the divergent boundary is called
Definition
a rift valley
Term
Continental Crust is made mostly of the rock ____ .
Definition
Granite
Term
contientnal plates that move apart form ____ valleys.
Definition
Rift
Term
Two plates move past each other in opposite directions at a ______ boundary.
Definition
Transform
Term
The transfer of energy through space is ____.
Definition
Radiation.
Term
The transfer of heat betwen objects that are touching is ___.
Definition
Conduction.
Term
What evidence (3 pieces) supports the continetal drift theory?
Definition
Land features, climate, fossils
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