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Earth Science Final 2
N/A
53
Science
9th Grade
05/30/2012

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Term
CONVECTION
Definition
HEAT TRANSFER BY CURRENTS RISING WITHIN THE HEATED MATERIAL.
Term
CARBON DIOXIDE
Definition

ADDED TO THE AIR BY BURNING FOSSIL FUELS-ONE OF THE TWO MAIN GREENHOUSE GASES. 

 

Term
ANGLE OF INSOLATION
Definition
THIS AIR VARIES DUE TO EARTH'S ROUNDNESS.
Term
TEMPERATURE INVERSION
Definition
CONDITION IN WHICH THE BOTTOM LAYER OF THE AIR IS COLDER THAN THE AIR ABOVE IT.
Term
TROPOSPHERE
Definition
LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE WEATHER OCCURS.
Term
INSOLATION
Definition
THE ENERGY THE EARTH RECIEVES FROM THE THE SUN'S RAYS.
Term
DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE
Definition
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST TEMPERATURES---SMALLER ON CLOUDY DAYS.
Term
OZONE
Definition
ABSORBS THE SUN'S ULTRAVIOLET WAVES TO PROTECT LIFE ON EARTH.
Term
THERMOMETER
Definition
USES THE PRINCIPLE THAT A RISE IN TEMPERATURE CAUSES MOST MATERIALS TO EXPAND.
Term
METEOROLOGY
Definition
STUDY OF WEATHER AND THE ATMOSPHERE
Term
NORMAL LAPSE RATE/ADIABATIC 
Definition
THE RATE AT WHICH THE TROPOSPHERE COOLS WITH ALTITUDE.
Term
CONDUCTION
Definition
HEAT TRANSFER BY DIRECT CONTACT
Term
ISOTHERM
Definition
LINE ON A MAP CONNECTING PLACES WITH THE SAME TEMPERATURE.
Term
WATER
Definition
A SLOW CONDUCTOR OF HEAT, TAKES LONGER TO WARM, EXISTS IN 3 FORMS IN OUR ATMOSPHERE.
Term
ANNUAL TEMPERATURE RANGE
Definition
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURES OF THE WARMEST AND THE COLDEST MONTHS.
Term
RADIATION
Definition
HEAT TRANSFER IN THE FORM OF INFARED RAYS.
Term
AIR
Definition
MOST OF IT IS FOUND IN THE TROPOSPHERE AND IT IS COMPOSED MAINLY OF NITROGEN AND OXYGEN.
Term
WINDCHILL
Definition
THE TEMPERATURE THE BODY FEELS WHEN THE WIND IS BLOWING.
Term
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Definition
TRAPPING OF THE SUN'S ENERGY/HEAT BY THE ATMOSPHERE, ESPECIALLY THE GASES CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR.
Term
IONOSPHERE
Definition
THIS LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE REFLECTS RADIO WAVES, BUT NOT TELEVISION WAVES AND IS MADE UP OF LAYERS OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS OF GAS. 
Term
ION
Definition
MEANS "WANDERER" IN THE ORIGINAL GREEK LANGUAGE.
Term
CHLOROFLUOCARBON (CFC'S) 
Definition
GASES WHICH THREATEN TO DESTROY THE OZONE LAYER. THEY COME FROM STYROFOAM PRODUCTION, REFRIGERANTS IN AIR-CONDITIONING UNITS AND ARE USED AS PROPELLANTS IN AEROSOL CANS.
Term
THERMOSPHERE
Definition
UPPER LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE TEMPERATURES CAN REACH 600 DEGREES ABOVE ZERO.
Term
SUPERCOOLED WATER
Definition
WATER BELOW ZERO THAT DOES NOT FREEZE. OFTEN CALLED LIQUID ICE.
Term
EVAPORATION
Definition
THE CHANGE FROM LIQUID WATER TO WATER VAPOR.
Term
CONDENSATION
Definition
THE CHANGE FROM WATER VAPOR TO LIQUID WATER.
Term
SPECIFIC HUMIDITY
Definition
THE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR ACTUALLY PRESENT IN THE AIR.
Term
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Definition
USED TO COMPARE THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR WITH THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR THE AIR CAN HOLD AT THAT TEMPERATURE.
Term
PSYCHROMETER
Definition
USED TO MEASURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY BY USING TWO THERMOMETERS, ONE WET BULB AND ONE DRY BULB.
Term
DEW POINT
Definition
THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH SATURATION OCCURS.
Term
DEW
Definition
WATER VAPOR THAT CONDENSES ON SURFACES SUCH AS GRASS.
Term
CONDENSATION NUCLEI
Definition
TINY PARTICLES ON WHICH WATER VAPOR CONDENSES
Term
ADVECTION
Definition
TRANSFER/MOVEMENT OF WARM OR COLD AIR BY HORIZONTAL WINDS.
Term
CUMULUS CLOUDS
Definition
FORMED BY VERTICALLY RISING AIR CURRENTS AND ARE PILED IN THICK, PUFFY MASSES.
Term
STRATUS CLOUDS
Definition
LOW SHEETS OR LAYERS OF CLOUDS. 
Term
CIRRUS CLOUDS
Definition
THIN, OR FEATHERY CLOUDS THAT ARE VERY HIGH AND ARE ALWAYS MADE OF ICE CRYSTALS.
Term
CONDENSATION LEVEL
Definition
HEIGHT OF FLAT CLOUD BASE WHICH SHOWS WHERE THE WATER VAPOR BEGINS TO CONDENSE.
Term
HAIL
Definition
BEGINS AS A FROZEN RAIN DROP OR SMALL DENSE CLUMP OF ICE CRYSTALS AND GROWS BY COLLECTING SMALLER ICE PARTICLES, CLOUD DROPLETS AND SUPER-COOLED WATER, UNTIL IT IS TO HEAVY TO BE KEPT ALOFT BY STRONG UPDRAFTS.
Term
SLEET
Definition
RAINDROPS THAT FALL THROUGH THE FREEZING AIR TURNS INTO PELLETS OF ICE THAT FALL TO THE GROUND.
Term
RAIN SHADOW
Definition
THAT AREA ON THE LEEWARD SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN WHERE LITTLE RAIN FALLS. 
Term
ACID RAIN
Definition
WATER VAPOR THAT HAS CONDENSED ON SULFATE AND NITRATE PARTICLE NUCLEI THAT FORMS SULFURIC AND NITRIC ACIDS.
Term
AIR PRESSURE
Definition
THE WEIGHT OF THE ATMOSPHERE PER UNIT AREA
Term
BAROMETER
Definition
AN INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE AIR PRESSURE.
Term
MILIBAR
Definition
ONE UNIT USED TO MEASURE AIR PRESSURE.
Term
HIGH-PRESSURE AREA
Definition
THIS IS AN AREA WHERE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS HIGHER THAN THE SURROUNDING AIR.
Term
SEA BREEZE
Definition
A WIND THAT MOVES FROM A BODY OF WATER TO THE LAND AREA NEAR IT.
Term
CORIOLIS EFFECT
Definition
DUE TO THE EARTH'S ROTATION WHICH MOVES AIR TOWARD OR AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR AND THE WINDS ARE TURNED TO THE RIGHT IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.
Term
ANEMOMETER
Definition
INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE WIND SPEED NEAR THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.
Term
FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
Definition
RAINFALL THAT RESULTS WHEN A COLD FRONT ENCOUNTERS WARM MOIST AIR AND PUSHES UNDER IT CAUSING THE WARM AIR TO RISE AND CONDENSE IN THE COLDER UPPER AIR.
Term
CONVENTIONAL PRECIPITATION
Definition
RAIN WHICH FALLS WHEN HOT MOIST AIR RISES AND ENCOUNTERS COLD AIR IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE WHERE IT CONDENSE AND FALLS.
Term
OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
Definition
RAIN WHICH FALLS AS WARM MOIST RAIN RISES OVER A MOUNTAIN WHERE IT COOLS AND FALLS.
Term
VALLEY BREEZE
Definition
A WIND THAT BLOWS FROM A VALLY UP THE SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN.
Term
MOUNTAIN BREEZE
Definition
A WIND THAT BLOWS FROM THE MOUNTAIN DOWN INTO A VALLEY BELOW IT. 
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