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Earth Science 2nd semester exam review
Earth Science 2nd semester exam review
73
Science
11th Grade
05/16/2014

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Cards

Term
What are two processes responsible for changing sediments into sedimentary rock?
Definition

Compaction and 

Cementation

Term

What type of rock is produced by magma that cools deep below the earth’s crust?

Definition
Intrusive Igneous
Term
What is the size and arrangement of crystalline grains in igneous rock called?
Definition
Texture
Term
What is an indication of crystal size in an igneous rock?
Definition
Texture
Term
An igneous rock with a mixture of large and small grains is said to have what?
Definition
Porphyritic Texture
Term
What forms the core of many major mountain ranges?
Definition
Batholiths
Term
What is an example of organic sedimentary rock?
Definition
Coal
Term
Chalk is a type of what?
Definition
Limestone
Term
A rock composed of cemented, rounded pebbles is called a what?
Definition
Conglomerate
Term
The layering of sedimentary rock with coarse grains at the bottom and fine grains at the top is called what?
Definition
Graded Bedding
Term
Ripple marks in sandstone may form by the action of what?
Definition
Moving wind and water
Term
Ripple marks in rocks are formed by what?
Definition
Wind or Waves
Term
Regional metamorphism occurs as a result of what?
Definition
Techtonic Activity
Term
Where does most metamorphic rock form?
Definition
Deep in the Earth's surface
Term
What is an example of a metamorphic rock?
Definition
Schist
Term
What is an example of type of mechanical weathering?
Definition
Ice Wedging
Term
Weathering in which thin sheets of rock flake off the surface is called what?
Definition

Exfoliation

Term
What is an example of a rock that weathers most rapidly?
Definition
Limestone or Sandstone
Term
What is a mineral that is most resistant to weathering?
Definition
Quartz
Term
What best accounts for the damage to Cleopatra’s Needle after being moved to New York City?
Definition
Pollution
Term
What climatic conditions are most likely to cause accelerated weathering?
Definition
Freezing and Thawing
Term
What climatic conditions are most likely to cause accelerated weathering
Definition
Freezing and Thawing
Term
What type of Earth material contains particles large enough to be felt but too small to be seen easily?
Definition
Silt
Term
What is an unstable movement of rock and soil along a curved slope is called?
Definition
Slump
Term
What farming method involves the construction of steplike ridges that follow the contour of a sloped field?
Definition

Terracing

Term
The main parts of the water cycle are evapotranspiration, precipitation, and what?
Definition

Condensation

Term
What describes the trend in the water movement pattern going from the equator to the poles?
Definition
Evapotranspiration decreases
Term
What is an artificial means of producing fresh water from ocean water?
Definition
Desalination
Term
The process of removing salt from ocean water is called what?
Definition
Desalination
Term
What is the term for the main stream and tributaries of a river?
Definition
River system
Term
How is a water gap created?
Definition
Uplifted land area
Term
How can a river can be rejuvenated?
Definition
Increasing slope
Term
As a river passes from a youthful to a mature stage, it does what?
Definition
Meanders
Term
How does a river become rejuvenated?
Definition
Increase gradient
Term
Alluvial fans and deltas have similar what?
Definition
Causes for deposition
Term
The water table forms the upper surface of the what?
Definition

Zone of saturation

Term
The capillary fringe lies within the what?
Definition
Zone of aeration
Term
The feature found where a secondary water table is separated from the main water table by a layer of impermeable rock is called what?
Definition
A perched water table
Term
What are characteristics of ground water?
Definition
Recyclable, recharged by precipitation, can be used again
Term
What is it called when pesticides and fertilizers seep into soil?
Definition
Groundwater contamination
Term
What is often the source of water in a desert oasis?
Definition

An artesian spring

Term
A cap rock is the top layer of impermeable rock that is exposed in what formation?
Definition
An Artesian Formation
Term
The substance that forms cone-shaped cavern features is what?
Definition
Calcite
Term
For an ordinary well to function properly, it must penetrate deep into rock or sediment that is what?
Definition

Highly permeable

Term
What is most likely to be produced as a result of the process of chemical weathering?
Definition
Caverns
Term
Karst topography occurs in regions that have experienced large amounts of what?
Definition

Chemical weathering

Term
What ground feature would most likely be found in an area that has karst topography?
Definition
Caverns
Term
What Earth features form because of pressure on the surface of glaciers?
Definition

Crevasses

Term
As the latitude of snowlines moves from the equator to the poles, the elevation of snowlines do what?
Definition
Decreases
Term
Ice in a glacier moves down slope in response to what?
Definition
Gravity
Term
What formation is formed by the joining of arêtes?
Definition

Horn

Term
Glacial meltwater usually appears milky because of the presence in the water of what?
Definition
Fine rock particles
Term
Today the Great Lakes drain through what?
Definition
St. Lawrence River
Term
One condition thought to be necessary to cause an ice age is what?
Definition
Lowered global temperatures
Term
The small, closely packed rocks left behind by deflation are called what?
Definition

Desert pavement

Term
A crescent-shaped dune that has an open side facing the wind is called a what?
Definition
Parabolic dune
Term
Isolated columns of rock that result from ocean wave action on rock projections near shore are called sea what?
Definition
Stack
Term
A nearly level platform left just below the surface of the water as waves erode the shoreline is called a what?
Definition

Terrace

Term
Many Florida beaches consist of fragments of shells and what ocean organisms?
Definition
Coral
Term
Sand deposits that connect islands are called what?
Definition
Tombolos
Term
The coastal glacial valleys that become flooded as sea level rises are called what?
Definition
Fiords
Term
What is the average rate of how fast the sea level is now rising?
Definition
1 mm/yr
Term
The rising of the lithosphere can be the result of what?
Definition
Retreating glaciers
Term
Large-scale movements of the earth’s crust are probably causing the east coast of the United States to do what?
Definition
Sink
Term
Organisms that build coral reefs always live where?
Definition
Warm shallow water
Term
Approximately what percentage of the land in the United States is coastal?
Definition

5%

Term
One-tenth of the shellfish-producing waters of the United States have been destroyed by what?
Definition

Pollution

Term
Which type of front generally has a gradual slope and produces heavy precipitation over large areas?
Definition

Warm front

Term
Large, low-pressure storm centers that form along polar fronts and influence weather in the middle latitudes are called what?
Definition
Wave cyclone
Term
Lightning causes a rapid expansion and collapse of the air that produces what?
Definition
Thunder
Term
What type of storm is the shortest-lived and has the highest wind-speed?
Definition
Tornado
Term
What type of instrument is used to measure temperature changes?
Definition
Thermograph
Term
What weather instrument carries mounted cameras designed to photograph the tops of clouds in the uppermost layers of the atmosphere?
Definition

Satellite

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