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Earth Science Ch 10 - Rocks
Metamorphic, Igneous, and Sedementary Rocks
32
Science
11th Grade
11/14/2010

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Term
Chemical rock
Definition
A type of sedimentary rock formed when minerals come out of a solution and crystallize- the evaporation of water and the dissolved minerals are left behind
Term
Clastic rock 
Definition
particles of country rock and mineral grains that compact and cement together
Term
Country rock
Definition
surrounding solid rock
Term
Evaporites
Definition
rocks that result from the evaporation of restricted bodies of water on the Earth's surface
Term
Extrusive rock
Definition
any rock derived from magma that was poured out or ejected at the Earth’s surface
Term
Intrusive rock
Definition
Igneous rock that form by the crystallization of magma at a depth in the earth
Term
Lava
Definition
magma that flows out of a volcano
Term
magma
Definition
molten rock deep in the earth
Term
Metamorphism
Definition
The process by which rocks are altered in composition, texture, or internal structure by extreme heat, pressure, and introduction of new chemical substances
Term
Organic rock
Definition
A sedimentary rock composed principally of the remains of plants and animals
Term
Parent rock
Definition
The rock mass from which parent material is derived (source)
Term
Plutonic rock
Definition
A rock formed at considerable depth by crystallization of magma or by chemical alteration
Term
Regional metamorphism
Definition
metamorphism that occurs over broad areas of the crust
Term
Rock cycle
Definition
Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock
Term
Rock texture
Definition
coarse, fine, glassy, smooth and round, sharp and angular, elongated, banded, and unbanded
Term
gneiss
Definition
A banded or foliated metamorphic rock
Term
granite
Definition
coarse grained nonbanded igneous rock
Term
limestone
Definition
Type of sedimentary rock that has granular texture; in many cases, the grains are tiny fragments of fossil animal shells
Term
obsidian
Definition
a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock
Term
pumice
Definition
extrusive froth-like volcanic glass that was super-heated and expelled from the volcano: floats on water
Term
Shale
Definition
a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments
Term
How are igneous rocks formed?
Definition
crystallization of magma
Term
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Definition
alteration of existing rocks with heat and pressure
Term
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Definition
lithification of sediments or weakened rock debris
Term
Characteristics of metamorphic rock
Definition
foliatated or nonfoliated, bands, hard, dense, no fossils,
Term
Characteristics of igneous rock
Definition
made from volcanos,fine or coarse grains, slower cooling = larger crystals
Term
Characteristics of sedimentary rock
Definition
grainy, they're made when different layers of pebbles, sand and such, are all compacted together by pressure, so they usually have layers, and limestone commonly contains fossils
Term
Lithification
Definition
hardening of sediment into rock
Term
What are some rock formation processes? (7)
Definition
Heat and Pressure, compaction, cementation, lithification, melting, cooling, and solidfication
Term
What are examples of igneous rock?
Definition
obsidian pumice and granite
Term
What are examples of sedimentary rock?
Definition
limestone, shale
Term
What are examples of metamorphic rock?
Definition
gneiss
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