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Earth Science 12.1
Weathering
22
Science
12th Grade
01/24/2012

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Term
weathering
Definition
The breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near Earth's surface.
Term
mechanical weathering
Definition
The breakdown of rock that takes place when a rock is broken into smaller pieces of the same material without changing its composition.
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
The breakdown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals are changed into different substances.
Term
frost wedging
Definition
A mechanical weathering process in which water freezes in the cracks of a rock and wedges it apart.
Term
abrasion
Definition
The wearing away of rock material by grinding action.
Term
exfoliation
Definition
The peeling of surface layers from exposed bedrock.
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
The chemical reaction of water with other substances.
Term
acid rain
Definition
Rainwater that contains unusually high amounts of acids that can be traced back to pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and carbon dioxide.
Term
oxidation
Definition
The chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances.
Term
ice heaving
Definition
The process in which water in the ground freezes and lifts the pavement above it.
Term
exfoliation domes
Definition
Rounded mountain peaks formed by exfoliation.
Term
Stone Mountain
Definition
An exfoliation dome in Georgia.
Term
Sugarloaf Mountain
Definition
An exfoliation dome near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Term
Half Dome
Definition
An exfoliation dome in Yosemite National Park, California.
Term
feldspar, hornblende, and augite
Definition
Common minerals that undergo hydrolysis.
Term
kaolinite
Definition
A clay mineral formed when ions slowly react with water.
Term
Harrison's Cave
Definition
A cave in Barbados, West Indies. Rainwater containing carbonic acid has dissolved limestone bedrock to form it.
Term
magnetite, pyrite, and the dark-colored ferromagnesian silicates- hornblende, augite, and biotite
Definition
Minerals that have iron in their chemical formulas; oxidation of these minerals results in the formation of different types of rust, or iron oxides.
Term
hematite
Definition
A red iron oxide.
Term
limonite
Definition
A yellowish-brown rust.
Term
quartzites, silica-cemented sandstones, and conglomerates
Definition
Among the most durable of all sedimentary rocks.
Term
shales
Definition
The most easily weathered of the sedimentary rocks; formed from clay minerals.
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