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Dyslipidemia Background
Dyslipidemia Background
26
Pharmacology
Professional
09/11/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where is cholesterol primarily made?
Definition
Liver
Term
Why is cholesterol needed?
Definition

cell membrane formation, hormone synthesis, and fat soluble vitamin production

 

Term
Excess cholesterol leads to?
Definition

build-up of plaque (atheroschlerosis) in the arteries. Can result in conditions such as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Risk for CHD is increased when the LDL is elevated

Term
Increased triglycerides can lead to?
Definition

pancreatitis (acutely), along with an increased risk for heart disease

 

Term
Having a low HDL can further increase the risk of?
Definition
CHD
Term
What can CHD cause?
Definition

Anginal Pain: d/t to reduced blood flow to the heart (narrow arteries d/t plaque formation)

MI: plaque ruptures can lead to this

PAD: peripheral artery disease d/t to plaque rupturing

Term
Primary cause of poor lipid profile?
Definition
Familial
Term
Secondary causes of high lipid profile?
Definition

High dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fat (saturated fat should be < 7% of total calories)

 

Low physical activity (exercise will increase HDL and decrease LDL)

 

Age and genetics (family history)

 

Disease: diabetes, hypothyroidism, liver disease, transplantation, renal disease

 

Drugs: Protease Inhibitors, anabolic & corticosteroids (prednisone &c), isotretinoin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, beta blockers, thiazide diurtetics, pheyntoin, and some types of birth control pills

Term
Optimal level of LDL?
Definition
<100 mg/dL
Term
Low HDL level?
Definition
< 40
Term
High HDL levels?
Definition
≥ 60 (want it to be high)
Term
Normal Triglyceride level?
Definition
< 150
Term
VERY high triglyceride level?
Definition
> 500
Term
Desirable total cholesterol level?
Definition
< 200
Term
[image]
Definition
Statement. Not a question.
Term
What are the risk factors for CHD?
Definition
[image]
Term

What are the categories of risk and LDL goals (just note the one for the CHD or CHD risk equivalents)

Definition
[image]
Term

Very high risk favors LDL goal of < 70 mg/dL. What are very high risk factors?

Definition

CVD and diabetes

CVD adn severe/poorly controlled risk factors (smoking)

CVD and metabolic syndrome

Term
What are CHD risk equivalents?
Definition

Diabetes


Atherosclerotic Disease - peripheral artery disease


Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm


Clinical CHD (Framingham calculated CHD 10 - year risk > 20%)

Term
How should properly prepare for a lipid panel?
Definition

Pirot to getting a lipid panel, an 8 - 12 hour fast is required, or the results may be falsely elevated

Term

You may need to calculate LDL if it is not given using the Friedewald equation. What is it?

Definition

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5)

 

Cannot use this formula if the TGs are > 400 mg/dL

Term
What is best to treat LDL?
Definition
Statin
Term
What is best to treat HDL?
Definition
Niacin (in RX strength); Fenofibrates
Term
What is best to treat triglycerides?
Definition

Fenofibrate or Lovaza (omega - 3 fish oils)

 

TG too high then statin won't lower enough

[image][image][image][image]

Term
[image]
Definition
Statement. Not a question.
Term

It is important to note many of the drug classes used for cholesterol management are potentially toxic to the _____?

Definition

Liver (hepatotoxicity). Liver enzymes should be monitored and the drug stopped if AST or ALT become > 3 times the upper limit of normal

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