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Dynamic Equilibrium
starts at what is k,
25
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
02/05/2013

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Term
what is dynamic equlibrium? 
Definition

rate of forward rxn=

rate of reverse rxn

 

  • Both reactions are occuring  at the same time
  • The conc of products and reactants are the same
  • the conc of the reactants and products are made at the same time they are depleted
  • aka the rxn is REVERSIBLE
Term

For a reversible rxn at a given temperature the rxn will reach equilibrium when the:

 

  • entrophy is at its  ________ level
  • Gibbs free energy is at its ______ level
Definition

1. highest 

(most random)

2. miminum

(spontaneous rxns have a neg free energy value)

Term

what is keq?

give the equation

aka

Definition

the ratio at equilibium ;

conc of products (c)(d)

conc of reactants(a)(b)

 

raise to their stoichmetric coefficients

 

aka law of mass action

Term
what is kc and how does it relate to keq?
Definition

kis the equilibrium constant 

for dilute solutions:

kc & keq are =

 

*its not neccessary to distinguish between them.

Term

give k for this rxn:

1A+ 2B → 3D+ 4C

(ignore the unbalance)

Definition

(D)3 (C)4

 (A) (B)2

Term
 What happens to the conc if k is greater than 1?
Definition

high/low

=

more products/ less reactants

 

forward rxn is favored

(equilibrium lies to the right)

Term

t or f :

a large k = a faster rxn?

Definition

false,

a large k may still take a long time to reach equlibrium

Term
what happens to concentration when K is less than 1?
Definition

reverse rxn is favored

(less products/more reactants)

Term
what happens to concentration when K is equal to 1?
Definition

neither forward or reverse rxn is favored

 

(like 2 pulling a table at opposite ends)

Term
does temp affect the value of k?
Definition

YES,

high temp=faster rxn

Term
how many values does k have?
Definition

1

(despite many equlibrium positions

Term
Given the K for the forward rxn is 3.7 , what is the k for the reverse rxn?
Definition

if k forward is 3.7,

then k reverse is 1/3.7

(the reciporcal_

Term
what is kp?
Definition

the partial pressures of  a gas is proportional to its concentration.

 

same thing:

products/ reactants

Term

units for k/kc

units for kp

Definition

1. M (concentration)

2. atm

Term
are solids and liquids included in the kc equation?
Definition

no

conc of a solid depends on density

conc of pure liquid doesn't change

Term
what is the reaction quotient (Qc)?
Definition

ratio of products / reactants

raised to their co-efficients

 

except: these values are at ANY POINT in the rxn (not just equalibrium)

 (Qp)=

 pressures

Term

how many values does

Qc have

kc have

Definition

Qc: many vlaues (as rxn procceeds)

kc: 1

Term
when is Qc ZERO?
Definition

when rxn only contains reactants

(0/1)= 0

 

(fraction rules)

Term
when is Qc infinity?
Definition

rxn only contains only products

 

Term
when is Qc eqaul to 1?
Definition
when the conc of reactants & products are both 1
Term

what does the reaction quotient measure?

Qc

Definition

helps measure the progress of the rxn towards equilibrium

 

 

Term

Give realtionship btwn  Qc & k :

 

at equlibrium

Definition
Qc =  K
Term

Give realtionship btwn  Qc & k :

 when k is GREATER than Qc?
what is Gibbs free energy?
Definition

forward rxn

(Towards products)

G= negative!

Term

Give realtionship btwn  Qc & k :

 when k is LESS  than  Qc?
 what is Gibbs free energy?
Definition

reverse rxn

(towards reactants)

 

more than zero (non spontaneous)

Term
does keq change for temp
Definition

yes, 

increases/decreases can cause equilibrium to shift to left or right depending on whether rxn is exothermic/endothermic (ΔH).

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