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dye's
test 2
83
Pharmacology
Graduate
10/28/2009

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
profession
Definition
a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation
Term
professionalism
Definition
more than technical competence, integrity, attitude, behaviors, priority is on the patient’s interest. As a profession, we need to reaffirm foundation principles.
Term
Pharmaceutical Care:
Definition
• first defined by Helper and Strand in 1990. Pharmacist assumes responsibility for medication therapy outcomes. Shift from product centered to patient centered focus. TO provide this, the pharmacist must: exercise sound professional judgment, demonstrate personal attributes such as integrity, accountability, and compassion.
Term
10 TRAITS: 1. Knowledge and skills
Definition
(interact effectively with others, conveys information in an appropriate manner).
Term
10 traits 2. Commitment to self-improvement
Definition
(able to reflect critically on actions. Can give/reveive constructive feedback).
Term
10 traits 3. Service orientation
Definition
(recognizes and avoids conflicts of interest, provides service to the community and society at large, puts patient needs above their own)
Term
10 traits 4. Pride in profession
Definition
(conscientious, well prepared for class and clinical rotations, displays a consisten effort to exceed minimum requirements; demonstrated quality work)
Term
10 traits 5. Covalent relationship with client
Definition
(honors the patients values and belief systems. Respects and appreciated the diversity of his/her patients, maintains appropriate boundaries)
Term
10 traits 6. Creativity and innovation
Definition
(contributes to quality improvement in all professional endeavors
Term
10 traits 7. Conscience and trustworthiness
Definition
(truthful about facts or events, does not hide errors).
Term
10 traits 8. Accountability for work
Definition
(accepts responsibility for errors determines how to prevent errors, does not participate in activities that impair judgment or compromise patient care responsibility, accountable for his/her academic and professional performance.
Term
10 traits 9. Ethically sound decision-making
Definition
(controls emotions appropriately even under stressful conditions; maintains personal boundaries, prioritizes responsibility properly.
Term
10 traits 10. Leadership
Definition
(contributes to the profession, actively involved in professional organizations or other venues, helps promote a culture of professionalism).
Term
4 themes of professionalism
Definition
structural, political, human resources, and symbolic.
Term
structural
Definition
goals, curriculum, professional organization, code of conduct, honor code, dress expectations
Term
political
Definition
leadership positions in organizations
Term
3. Human Resources:
Definition
role modeling, social aspects of professional college/organizations
Term
symbolic
Definition
white coat ceremony, rituals of professional organizations, cultural expectations, values placed on dress/conduct codes, oath of a pharmacist, pinning ceremony and pledge of professionalism.
Term
7 ways professionalism and pharm care related 1-4
Definition
Develop a sense of loyalty, duty, and accept accountability to their chosen healthcare profession and accept accountability for membership in the profession.
• Recognize the confidentiality of healthcare information provided by patients and recorded on their behalf.
• Hold as their primary responsibility the health, safety, welfare and dignity of all human beings.
• Respect and promote the value of diversity while ensuring equal treatment of all people who seek their care.
Term
7 ways professionalism and pharm care related 5-7
Definition
• Foster professional competency through life-long learning, creativity, and innovation in practice and by striving for high ideals, teamwork, and unity within the profession in order to provide compassionate and effective patient care.
• Commit themselves and actively encourage their professional colleagues’ commitment to ethical practices as set forth by the healthcare professions.
• Dedicate their lives and practice to excellence, which includes ongoing assessment of personal and professional values.
Term
pharmaceutical care involves
Definition
the pharmacist assuming responsibility for the drug therapy outcomes in addition to the safe, accurate, and efficient distribution of pharmacy products.
Term
10 characteristics according to the article
Definition
1. Prolonged specialized training in a body of abstract knowledge. 2. A service orientation. 3. An ideology based on the original faith professed by members. 4. An ethic that is binding on the practitioners. 5. A body of knowledge unique to the members. 6. A set of skills that forms the technique of the profession. 7. A guild of those entitled to practice the profession. 8. Authority granted by society in the form of licensure or certification. 9. A recognized setting where the profession is practiced. 10. A theory of societal benefits derived from the ideology.
Term
professionalism
Definition
the active demonstration of the traits of a professional.
Term
professional socialization (professionalization)
Definition
the process of inculcating a professions attitude, value, and behaviors in a professional. The goal of profession socialization is to develop professionalism, as defined by the 10 characteriscs.
Term
Students should learn 2 parallel concepts:
Definition
that they should assume more reasonability for patient care, and that they should assume more responsibility for their own professional development.
Term
The 4 elements of medical ethics
Definition
respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice.
Term
Respect for autonomy: Informed consent: 5 elements
Definition
Threshold elements:
1. competence (ability to understand the decision at hand)
Informational Elements:
2. disclosure of info (what reasonable person would expect in similar situation) and
3. Understanding of info (difficult to mearure, health professionals still obligated to assure)
Consent Elements:
4. Consent elements: Voluntariness (free from influence, coercion or manipulation) and
5. Authorization (patients must consent through a legally valid document)
Term
Nonmaleficence:
Definition
refers to not taking actions that would influct harm. Negligence (professional misconduct). You msut have duty to the affected party, you must break that duty, affected party must experience harm, harm must be caused by the breach of duty.
Term
beneficence
Definition
refers to taking actions that will do good (render the full measure of professional ability). to do good, to remove harms, to promote welfare (balance risk and enefits of therapy), may confligt with autonomy at time. leads to the development of risk-benefit-cost models to aid in ethical decision-making. (you should try to maximize the benefit and minimize cost and risk)
Term
the conflict between nonmaleficence and beneficence
Definition
no medical treament is ompletely safe or completely effective. always therapeutic failures, always unintended adverse consequences.
Term
justice
Definition
this concept has interesting implications for current healcare reform debate. justice may be though of as the equal opportunity of all people to obtain treatment, regardless of wealth of social status.
Term
utilitarian
Definition
just is form of utility ie: the system for balancing risks, benefits, and costs must balance private and public benefits risks and costs.
Term
libertarian
Definition
values individual liberty, so free-market basis for health care is considered the most just form.
Term
egalitarian
Definition
while not every person is entitles to equal share, vertain distributions of burdens and benefits should be equally available. basis for basic rights of all citizens, such as right to vote.
Term
focus on distributive functions
Definition
procurement, storage and integrity, selection, preparation, dispensing, transportation, documentation, monitoring.
Term
procurement
Definition
buyer's buy-in, la/sa considerations, auto substitution, shortages/recalls/diverted products.
Term
storage and integrity
Definition
temperature (monitoring, power outage plans), seperation of la/sa products (policies and procedures), expiration dating, security (crash carts/bedside supplies/automated dispensing cabinets).
Term
problems with dispensing
Definition
pharmacist must gather info from patients, pharmacist must record info in patient database, pharm must clarify questions and discrepancies, pharmacist must prepare medications for patient, pharmacist must counsel patient about correct use, pharmacist must monitor patients.
Term
preparation
Definition
unit dosing/repacking, sterile compunding, non-sterile compounding, chemotherapy/hazardous materials, labeling, cart fills, pharmacist verification
Term
5 rights
Definition
right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time.
Term
pharmacist documentation
Definition
communication with prescriber, interventions, recommendations
Term
medication errors
Definition
Preventable events that occur at any stage in the medication use process resulting in patient harm (Adverse Drug Event) or inappropriate medication use.
prescribing
dispensing
administration
Term
problems with seeking and receiving therapy
Definition
patient must recognize potential health problem, patient must seek care, patient must be able to access care, patient must accurately describe symptoms, patient must will prescription, patient must take the prescription as directed.
Term
drug related problem
Definition
error of commission, error of omission, correct drug, incorrect drug, no drug,
Term
ga's definition of practice of pharmacy
Definition
interpretation, evulation, or dispensing of prescription drug orders in the patients best interest. participation in drug and device selection, drug administration, drug regimen reviews, and drug or drug-related research.
Term
ga's definition of the practice of pharmacy 3-4
Definition
provision of patient counseling and the provision of those acts or services necessary to provice pharmacy care
the responsibility for compounding and labeling of drugs and devices
Term
ga's definition of the practice of pharmacy 5-6
Definition
performing capillary blood tests and interpreting the results as a means to screen for or monitor disease risk factors and facilitate patient education.
pharm's performing such functions shall report the results obtained form such blood tests to the patient's physician of choice.
Term
duties of the board of pharmacy
Definition
responsible for the regulation of pharmacists and pharmacies in ga. enforce the georgia controlled substance act and maintain the listing of the dangerous drug act (all drugs are dangerous)
Term
GDNA (ga drugs and narcotics agency)
Definition
serves as the law enforcement and regulatory division of the ga state board of pharmacy
Term
duties of gdna
Definition
investigate violations of ga controlled substances act and dangerous drug act. inspect every facility licensed to handle, possess, distribute or dispense pharmaceuticals. educate law enforcement, registrants, and the general public as to the currect drugs of abuse. act as the info resource for pharm and drug questions, compile annual list of known dangerous drugs.
Term
gdna has the authority to
Definition
conduct an ispenctino of any pharmacy at any time with out w/o cause. examine, copy, remove, or inventory all controlled substance and/or dangerous drugs.
Term
requirements of licensure
Definition
18 yeards old, be of good moral character, graduate from a recognized pharmacy school, 1500 hours of intership required to take exams.
Term
licensure exams
Definition
naplex = 75
mpje = 75
ga practical exam - consists of lab compounding, errors and omissions, and clinical comprehension. 60 each and 75 overall.
Term
pharmacist in charge PIC
Definition
shall have supervision of not more than one pharmacy for the conduction of business related to prescriptions within and access to said retail pharmacy.
Term
absence of pharmacist
Definition
sign shall be displayed on the entrance to prescription department. not less than 3 inches in size. no script shall be filled, compounded, or dispensed. scripts can be dropped off by patients provided there is a drop box which can only be accessed by a licensed pharmacist. can't exceed more than 3 hours daily, or 1.5 hours at any time.
Term
1998 ga pharmacy practice act
Definition
enacted to comply with the requirements of OBRA and to enhance the public health and welfare.
Term
patient counseling law
Definition
requires a pharmacist, pharmacy intern, or pharmacy extern to at least offer to counsel all patients on medication received. Impatients, inmates, and health dept patients are exempt from this law.
Term
what to discuss with the patient
Definition
name and description of drug, instruction for use and proper storage, intended use and expected action, sepcial directions and precautions, possible adverse effects and common drug interactions, techiniques for self monitoring.
requires documentation that the patient received or refused counseling on each script.
Term
outdated drugs
Definition
pic/manager examines stock in regular intervals of not more than 6 months duration. no drug or device that is outdated shall be dispensed. proper disposal methods should be employed for controlled and non-controlled substances.
controlled -> gdna agent, dea agent, licensed reverse distributor.
non-controlled substances -> licensed reverse distributor.
Term
refills
Definition
if patient has no refills: must attempt to contact prescriber, may dispense up to 72 hour supply of a prescribed non-controlled medication. must make an original prescription, no limit to number of times this can occur.
Term
PRN refills
Definition
must use professional judgement. patient must maintain a relationship with the prescribing physician to be valid. patient must be taking medication correctly.
Term
requirements for incoming transfer
Definition
name of pharm/inter/extern receiving order.
name and number of transferring pharmacy.
name of pharm/intern/extern providing transfer
date the transfer was received
date the drug was originally dispensed
number of valid refills remaining
date of last fill
pharmacy's name, address, number, dea number, and rx serial number from transferring pharmacy.
Term
requirements for outgoing transfers
Definition
transfer shall be indicated on the face of the script. name and phone number of pharmacy where script was trasnferred. name of pharmacist who received info. date of script transfer.
Term
retail pharmacy staffing ratios
Definition
one pharm can supervise one intern, one extern, and 3 techs as one time.
Term
ga's drug substitution law
Definition
purpose is to make available the lowest retail priced drug product in stock. ga does not recognize DAW boxes.
Term
generic products
Definition
script written using generic name, must dispense the least expensive product in stock. can't indicate a generically written script as brand necessary.
Term
optometrists
Definition
limited formulary of drugs, have own dea number, can prescribe schedule !!! and IV oral anaglesics. cant' prescribe cII's. all oral drugs limited to a 72 hour dupply. 60 days of therapy with glaucoma meds.
Term
nurse practicioners
Definition
specific protocol agreement with physician. can't prescribe c2's.can't fill out of state NP prescriptions. scripts must include names of NP and MD.
Term
physician assistants
Definition
protocol with supervising physician. can't fill out of state PA scripts. uses dea number of supervising physician. pharm do not assume liability when filling PA scripts. can't prescribe c2's.
Term
unit-dose or unit-of-use packaging
Definition
brand or generic name, strength, lot number, expiration date.
Term
labeling parenteral solutions
Definition
supplementary label: name and amount of drug added, date and time of addition, expiration date, identity of person making solution.
Term
schedule 1 substances
Definition
high potential for abuse. have no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the US. there is a lack of accepted safetly for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
Term
schedule 2 substances
Definition
high potential for abuse. have currently accepted medical use in treatment in the us or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to severe phsychological or physical dependence. ex: oxycodone, cocaine, methadone.
Term
schedule III
Definition
have a currently accepted medical use in treatment in us. abuse of drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high pscyhological dependence. ex: testosterone, ketamine.
Term
schedule 4
Definition
abuse of the drug or other susbstance may lead to limited phyeical or psych dependence. ex: alprazolam, carisoprodol.
Term
schedule V
Definition
ex: lomotil. have the lowerst potential for abose.
Term
controlled script requirements
Definition
name, address, number and dea of prescriber. refills (limited to 6 months from date written) no refills for c2. emergency dispensing is ok when it's necessary, no alternatives. can take oral authorization from prescriber, but only adequate quanitity to get through emergency. 7 days to receieve written scripts from prescriber.
Term
partial fillings of cII's
Definition
is ok when: pharmacy does not have sufficient stock. patients is in ltcf or hospice, is terminally ill.
not ok: patient only requests part of the quanitity, script is written for larger quanitity that doc wants them to have at one time.
Term
3 federal options for filing scripts
Definition
1. three seperate files ( c2, c3-4, non controlled)
2. two separate files (c2 and others)
3. controlled and non controlled.
Term
classes of morality: preconventional
Definition
stages 1-2. obedience. obeys managers rather than laws. egoism: gives patient what he/she wants.
Term
classes of morality: conventional
Definition
interpersonal concordance (refilling w/o . law and duty to the social order (wont do because its illegal)
Term
classes of morality: postconventional
Definition
societal consensus: working with others to set up system
nonarbitrary social cooperation: refill or refusing depending on whats best for patient.
Term
10 traits
Definition
1. knowledge and skills 2. commitment to self improvement 3. service orientation 4. pride in profession 5. covalent relationship with client 6. creativity and innovation 7. consceicne and trustworthiness 8. accountability for work 9. ethically sound decision making 10. leadership
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