Shared Flashcard Set

Details

DSM - Final
Final exam
39
Psychology
Graduate
12/04/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition
Reasoning, planning, inhibition, problem solving (executive functioning), speech, emotions, and movement
Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition
Learning and memory, expressive speech, perception and the recognition of auditory stimuli
Term
Parietal Lobe
Definition
Movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli, receptive speech
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
vision processing
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Balance
Term
Brainstem (pons and medulla)
Definition
controls heart and lung functioning
Term
Spinal chord
Definition
connects brain to rest of body
Term
Neurotransmitters: the Big 6
Definition

1. Norepinephrine

2. Serotonin

3. Dopamine

4. Gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA)

5.Acetylcholine

6.Glutamate

Term
The Limbic System
Definition
Emotion, learning and memory.  Includes: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, and Hippocampus
Term
Glutamate
Definition
Neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory is glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter.  Is the most potent of all human neurotransmitters (found in the hippocampus)
Term
Long Term Potentiation
Definition
Repetition, good nutrition, and acute stress promote LTP; inhibited by chronic stress, poor nutrition, alcohol, and medical conditions.  Process by which neurons, synapses and synaptic neurotransmissions utilizing glutamate are strengthened.
Term
Delirium
Definition
a disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develop over a short period of time
Term
Dementia
Definition
multiple cognitive deficits including impairment of short term memory
Term
Etiology of dementia
Definition

70% are Alzheimer's dementia

17% are vascular (stroke associated) dementias

13% are other types of dementia

Term
Americans with AD
Definition

5.2 million Americans have AD

5 million are over 65

200,000 are under 65

AD is the 7th leading cause of death in the US (5th for those 65+ y.o.)

Term
Cushing's Syndrom/Disease
Definition
benign tumor of adrenal or pituitary gland directly/indirectly makes excess glucocorticoid steroid hormones; mental health = depression, anxiety, mania, delirium, personality change, mood swings
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
overactive thyroid gland/nodule produces excess thyroid hormone; mental health = anxiety, mania, delirium, agitation, depression possible but less likely
Term

Hypothyroidism

Definition

Underactive thyroid gland or autoimmune disorder, insidious onset.  Mental health = depression (MOST common), dementia, personality change, cognitive slowing, anxiety and psychosis also possible

Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
  • regulates alertness, attention, arousal, tension/anxiety and ability to have positive feelings
  • increased levels = anxiety and/or mania (extreme)
  • decreased levels = depression
  • Stress = increased NE levels in brain - activate the fight or flight response
Term
Serotonin
Definition
  • linked to regulation of mood, anger, and aggression, impulse control, anxiety, appetite, sleep patterns, libido, state of consciousness and perception, decision making and learning
  • low levels linked to depression, anxiety and OCD
Term
Gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA)
Definition
  • main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
  • associated with emotional balance, sleep patterns, anxiety
  • low GABA = emotional instability, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and agitation (mania) and rumination
  • increased GABA = emotional stability, normal sleep pattern, decreased anxiety, irritability, agitation and rumination
Term
Cortisol
Definition
aging hormone, stays in system longer, leads to chronic stress
Term
cortisol + adrenaline
Definition
trigger sympathetic nervous system
Term

panic symptoms

(physical)

Definition
  • palpitations, pounding heart, increased heart rate
  • sweating
  • trembling and shaking
  • shortness of breath
  • feeling of choking
  • chest pain or discomfort
  • nausea or abdominal distress
  • feeling dizzy, lightheaded or faint
Term
derealization
Definition
feelings of unreality; looking in from the outside
Term
depersonalization
Definition
being detached from oneself; "out of body" experience
Term

Panic symptoms

(mental)

Definition
  • derealization and depersonalization
  • fear of losing control or going crazy
  • fear of impending doom or dying
  • paresthesias (numbing, tingling) and hyperventilate
  • chills or hot flashes
Term
Hallucinations
Definition
perception of sensory input in the absence of external stimulation
Term
delusion
Definition
believing something to be true that is not
Term
disorganized speech
Definition
person's mental associations are governed by puns, rhymes, or other rules but not by logic
Term
disorganized behavior
Definition
actions that don't appear to be directed toward a goal
Term
positive or negative symptoms
Definition

having or missing negative symptoms that are unusual to normal people.

i.e.: positive = hallucinations/delusions

negative = flattened affect

Term
diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia
Definition
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms, i.e. flat affect
Term
schizophrenia subtypes
Definition
paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual
Term

Anti-Anxiety drugs:

 

Benzodiazepines

Definition

are addicting (librium, valium, xanax, ativan)

side effects = drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, imbalance, dependence, withdrawal, tolerance. Effects exacerbated with alcohol.  One months supply swallowed at once is fatal

Term

Anti-Anxiety drugs:

 

Antihistamines

Definition

can have same effect on GABA as benzodiazepines (benadryl, tylenol p.m., vistaril/atavax)

side effects = drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, twitches, tremors


Term

Anti-Anxiety drugs:

 

Beta Blockers

Definition

blocks effects of cortisol and adrenaline (inderal, Tenormin); Non-habit forming


side effects= depression, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, light-headedness, bradycardia, hypotension

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