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Drugs
GI/ Liver
26
Pharmacology
Graduate
05/26/2016

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Deferasirox
Definition
treatment for hemochromatosis
Term
Deferoxamine
Definition
Chelator (treatment for hemochromatosis)
Term
sulfasalazine
Definition

combo of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5- aminosalicylic acid (anti- inflammatory).

activated by colonic bacteria

used for Chrons, UC 

Tox: malaise, nausea, sulfonamid tox, reversible oligospermia 

Term
ondansetron
Definition

5-HT3 antagonist. 

decreases vagal stimulation.

Central acting anti-emetic.

controls vomiting 

Tox: headache, constipation

Term
Metoclopramide
Definition

D2 receptor antagonist

increases LES resting tone 

increases contractility, and motility

doesn't influence transport time 

Use: diabetic and gastroporesis (post sx), antiemetic 

Tox: Increases parkinson like effects, restlnessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea 

contraindications: Bowel Obstruction, parkinson diease 

Term
Misoprostol
Definition
PGE1 analong
- increases production/ secretion of gastric mucous barrier
- decreases acid production
USES: prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulcers (NSAIDS block PGE1) ;
also used to prevent abortions and induce labor (ripens cervix)
Tox: diarrhea
Contraind: in women with child bearing potential (abortifacient)
Term
Bismuth, Sucralfate
Definition
Use: ulcer healing, traveler's diarrhea
MOA: bind to ulcer base, allowing bicarb secretion--> increase pH in mucous layer
Tox: constipation
Sucralfate Tox: can decrease absorption of other drugs, generally given on empty stomach
Term
PPI
Definition
azoles (Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole)
USE: peptic ulcer, gastritis, reflux, ZE syndrome
MOA; irreversibly inhibits H+/ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Tox: increased risk C. diff, pneumonia (b/c decreased aciditiy to fight bacteria),
hip fractures (interefere with Calcium absorption)
decreased Mg 2+ with long term use
Term
H2 blockers
(ines: cimetifdine, famotidine, ranitidine, nizatidine)
Definition
reversibly blocks histamine h2 receptors.
USE: peptic ulcer, gastritis, reflux
TOX: cimetidine inhibits CYP-P450, antiandrogenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males)
ranitidine decreases renal excretion of creatinine; inhibits tubular transport in kidney
Term
Octreotide
Definition
Long acting somatostatin analog
USE: acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
TOX: nausea, cramps, steatorrhea
Term
PPI
Definition
azoles (Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole)
USE: peptic ulcer, gastritis, reflux, ZE syndrome
MOA; irreversibly inhibits H+/ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
Tox: increased risk C. diff, pneumonia (b/c decreased aciditiy to fight bacteria),
hip fractures (interefere with Calcium absorption)
decreased Mg 2+ with long term use
Term
H2 blockers
(ines: cimetifdine, famotidine, ranitidine, nizatidine)
Definition
reversibly blocks histamine h2 receptors.
USE: peptic ulcer, gastritis, reflux
Tox: cimetidine= inhibts CYP450; antiandrogenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males); crosses BBB (confusion, dizziness, headaches), and crosses placenta
both cimetidine and ranitidine decrease renal excretion of creatinine/ inhibit tubular transport in kidney
Term
Statins
Definition
small molecular weight organic compounds that inhibit activity of HmG coA reductase; share HMG like structure and bind competitively to active site of enzyme

Pathway of cholesterol synthesis: ( HMG synthase= acetyl coA + acetyl acetyl CoA ---> HMG CoA)
HMG CoA reductase: HMG coA--> malevalonate) -----> cholesterol
Term
Lamivudine
Definition
third line tx HBV
HBV drug ; lower dose required for HBV than HIV
MOA: comp. inhibits HBV DNA POL (rev. transcriptase)
causes DNA chain termination
TOX: headache, insomnia, GI discomfort
Term
Adefovir
Definition
2nd line treatment for HBV
NRTI (also initially used for HIV tx)
effective against Lamivdine res. strains of HBV
Term
Entacavir
Definition
1st line hBV tx
more effective than lamuvidine and Entecavir (> viral load reduction)
not suggested in those with untreated HIV
Term
Tenofovir
Definition
1st line tx for chronic hBV
nucleotide analog
Tox: renal impairment, decreased bone mineral density,
Term
Interferons
Definition
tx for chronic and acute hBV
MOA: anti-viral, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative
- signal anti-viral protein synthesis to inhibit viral replication, transcription, translation, protein processing, and viral maturation
TOX: fevers, chills, headache, thrombocytopenia, neurotox, CV effects (hypotension, tachycardia)
Pegylated interferons- polyethylene glycol group attached to IFN, which increases t1/2 and slows clearance--> allows for less frequent admin.
Term
Ribavirin
Definition
HCV tx
- used in conjunction with other drugs; doesn't work on its own ; guanosine analog
MOA: unknown, but somehow inhibits viral replication
TOX: hemolytic anemia, fatigue, rash, insomnia, depression
Term
Simepravir, Paritaprevir, Grazoprevir
Definition
NS3/4A protease inhibitors
direct acting antivirals for HCV
- block proteolytic cleavage of viral protein precursors
Term
Ledipasvir, Ombitasvir , elbasvir, Declatasvir
Definition
NS5A phosphoprotien inhibitors
- block viral replication
HCV Tx!
Term
Sofosbuvir, Dasabuvir
Definition
NS5B POL inhibitors
- block POL required for transcribing HCV- RNA genome and RNA transcription
Term
Budesonide
Definition
Corticosteroid
USE: Chrons
MOA: controls rate of protein synthesis ; reverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at cellular level to control/ prevent inflammation ; depresses migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibroblasts
TOX: headache, resp infection, dyspepsia, dizziness
Term
Mesalamine
Definition
5-aminosalicylic acid deriv.
USE: chrons
MOA: diminshes inflammation by blocking arach. acid metabolite production
TOX: headache, diarrhea, upper abd pain, nausea , sinusistis
AVOID TAKING WITH ANTACIDS
Term
Azathiprine
Definition
USE: Chrons
MOA: purine synthesis inhibitor ; blocks activation of inflamm. T cells
Term
Cholestyramine
Definition

binds bile acids in intestine and prevents their reabsorption. Increases incorporation of chol --> bile acids. 

USE: may be used in Chrons, when terminal ileum resected and bile acids not absorbed, so have cAMP dependent Cl- secretion in colonic epithelial cells --> Na and water follow CL- into lumen causing secretory diarrhea and steattorhea. Used as treatment for bile acid diarrhea. 

 

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