Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Drugs
PBL Drugs Group 9
94
Medical
Professional
02/09/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Statins
Definition

HMG-CoA inhibitors (rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis), fluvastain is least potent and atorvastain and rosuvastatin most potent

Rare adverse side effects of myopathy and rhabdomyoltsis

Term

Femibrozil

Definition

Fibrate-Agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-α), triglycerides decrease up to 50% and HDL increases up to 20%, LDL decrease up to 15%, work in combination with statins

increased LPL expression, decreased expression apo CIII (inhibitor of apocCII and LPL interaction) and increased hepatic oxidation of FA (decreased LDL and decreased TG synthesis), increased apoA1 (major HDL protein)

Term

Fenofibrate

Definition

Fibrate-Agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR-α), triglycerides decrease up to 50% and HDL increases up to 20%, LDL decrease up to 15%, work in combination with statins

increased LPL expression, decreased expression apo CIII (inhibitor of apocCII and LPL interaction) and increased hepatic oxidation of FA (decreased LDL and decreased TG synthesis), increased apoA1 (major HDL protein)

Term

Cholestyramine

Definition

Inhibitor of Bile Acid absorption-bind to bile acids, preventing enterohepatic circulation, LDL decreases by 28% and HDL increases by 5%, liver needs to synthesize more bile acids so takes in more cholesterol (increased LDL receptor expression)

Administered with a meal but can be associated with vit K def. (decreased fat absorption)

Term

Colesevelam

Definition

Colesevelam most selective

Inhibitor of Bile Acid absorption-bind to bile acids, preventing enterohepatic circulation, LDL decreases by 28% and HDL increases by 5%, liver needs to synthesize more bile acids so takes in more cholesterol (increased LDL receptor expression)

Administered with a meal but can be associated with vit K def. (decreased fat absorption)

 

Term

Colestipol

Definition

Inhibitor of Bile Acid absorption-bind to bile acids, preventing enterohepatic circulation, LDL decreases by 28% and HDL increases by 5%, liver needs to synthesize more bile acids so takes in more cholesterol (increased LDL receptor expression)

Administered with a meal but can be associated with vit K def. (decreased fat absorption)

Term

Plant sterols

Definition

displace cholesterol from micelles leading to increased excretion into stool and deceased absorption

Term

Ezetimibe

Definition

Inhibitor of cholesterol absorption-decreased (digested and biliary but biliary more important) cholesterol transport from micelles into the enterocye by inhibiting uptake through the brush boarder protein NPC 11, effective in combination with statin (compensatory increase in rate of synthesis not present)

Term

Niacin

Definition

vitamin B3-reduces FA release from adipose tissue, increases plasma residence time for ApoA1 (HDL protein), decreased plasma LDL-cholesterol and TG concentration and increases HDL cholesterol, associated with changes in a G-protein coupled receptor, decreased adipocyre hormone-sensitive lipase activity

Side effects of flushing and pruritis, hyperuricemia, impaired insulin sensitivity, hepatotoxicity

Term

Omega 3-Fatty Acids

EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)

DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)

Lovanza (prescription)  

Definition

Regulate nuclear transcription factors including SREBP-1c (cholesterol synthesis/uptake and FA biosynthesis) and PPAR alpha to reduce TG biosynthesis and increase fatty acid oxidation. Reduced plasma TG by 50%

Term

digoxin

Definition

narrow therapeutic window, use with B blockers risk AV block, toxicity treated with antibodies or treating hypokalemia

Cardiac glycosides (1) in myocardium, inhibit plasma membrane Na/K ATPase leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca which results in positive inotropy (contraction strength), (2) inhibit sympathetic outflow and increase vagal tone (3) prolong effective refractory period and show conduction velocity at AV node

Term

digitoxin

Definition

metabolized and excreted by liver, not kidney (better with renal failure)

Cardiac glycosides (1) in myocardium, inhibit plasma membrane Na/K ATPase leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca which results in positive inotropy (contraction strength), (2) inhibit sympathetic outflow and increase vagal tone (3) prolong effective refractory period and show conduction velocity at AV node

Term

Dopamine

Definition

vasodialtes at low levels (D1 receptors), intermediate vasodialates (B2) and increases contractility and rate (B1), at high does vasoconstricts (alpha-1)

B Adrenergic receptor agonist- increase CAMP by activating G protein coupled adrenergic receptors, acting at cardiac B1-adrenergic receptors, agonists have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusitotropic (quicker relaxation)

 

Term

Dobutamine

Definition

racemic mixture, (+) is alpha-1 antagonist and (-) is agonist (negate each other) so primarily acts on B1 receptor (increase contractility of heart) , 2.5 min half life, side effect of tachy and ventricular arrhythmia

B Adrenergic receptor agonist- increase CAMP by activating G protein coupled adrenergic receptors, acting at cardiac B1-adrenergic receptors, agonists have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusitotropic (quicker relaxation)

Term

Epinephrine

Definition

non selective, low dose primarily B2 (vasodilation) and high dose primarily A1 (vasoconstriction), use in setting of cardiac resuscitation

B Adrenergic receptor agonist- increase CAMP by activating G protein coupled adrenergic receptors, acting at cardiac B1-adrenergic receptors, agonists have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusitotropic (quicker relaxation)

Term

Norepinephrine

Definition

B1 agonist (contractility, diastolic relaxation and HR increase) and A1 agonist (vasoconstriction) so redistributes cardiac supply away from non-critical tissue, side effects of SA tachy

B Adrenergic receptor agonist- increase CAMP by activating G protein coupled adrenergic receptors, acting at cardiac B1-adrenergic receptors, agonists have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusitotropic (quicker relaxation)

Term

Isoproterenol

Definition

Isoproterenol-synthetic B1 agonist (contractility, diastolic relaxation and HR) primarily but also B2 (vasodialation and hypotension)

B Adrenergic receptor agonist- increase CAMP by activating G protein coupled adrenergic receptors, acting at cardiac B1-adrenergic receptors, agonists have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusitotropic (quicker relaxation)

Term

Theophylline

Definition

nonsepecific, earlier development

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -increase CAMP by inhibiting PDE enzymes that hydrolyze it, in cardiac myocytes, PDE inhibitors have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusiotropic (relaxation) effects, PDE inhibitors also relax vascular smooth muscle and thereby decrease preload (venodilation) and afterload (ateriodilation)

Term

Inamirone

Definition

more specific for PDE3

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -increase CAMP by inhibiting PDE enzymes that hydrolyze it, in cardiac myocytes, PDE inhibitors have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusiotropic (relaxation) effects, PDE inhibitors also relax vascular smooth muscle and thereby decrease preload (venodilation) and afterload (ateriodilation)

Term

Milirone

Definition

more specific for PDE3

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -increase CAMP by inhibiting PDE enzymes that hydrolyze it, in cardiac myocytes, PDE inhibitors have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusiotropic (relaxation) effects, PDE inhibitors also relax vascular smooth muscle and thereby decrease preload (venodilation) and afterload (ateriodilation)

Term

Vesnarione

Definition

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors -increase CAMP by inhibiting PDE enzymes that hydrolyze it, in cardiac myocytes, PDE inhibitors have positive inotropic (contractility) and lusiotropic (relaxation) effects, PDE inhibitors also relax vascular smooth muscle and thereby decrease preload (venodilation) and afterload (ateriodilation)

Term

Levosimedndan

Definition

Calcium-Sensitizing Agents-enhances the sensitivity of troponin C to Ca which increases the extent of actin-myosin interactions without a substantial increase in myocardial oxygen consumption

Levosimedndan-also activate K channels, leading to peripheral dilation, used in HF

Term

sulfanilamide

Definition

Sulfanomides: highly selective, microbes combat by increasing PABA synthesis, mutate PABA binding site and decreased permeability to sulfonamides, due to resistance usually admisnistered with triehtropim or pyrimethamine, compete with billirubin for binding sites (more unconjugated lead to kernitcterus and brain damage)

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term
Sulfadiazine
Definition

Sulfanomides: highly selective, microbes combat by increasing PABA synthesis, mutate PABA binding site and decreased permeability to sulfonamides, due to resistance usually admisnistered with triehtropim or pyrimethamine, compete with billirubin for binding sites (more unconjugated lead to kernitcterus and brain damage)

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

 

Term
Sulfamethoxazole
Definition

Sulfanomides: highly selective, microbes combat by increasing PABA synthesis, mutate PABA binding site and decreased permeability to sulfonamides, due to resistance usually admisnistered with triehtropim or pyrimethamine, compete with billirubin for binding sites (more unconjugated lead to kernitcterus and brain damage)

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

 

 

 

Term
Sulfadoxine
Definition

Sulfanomides: highly selective, microbes combat by increasing PABA synthesis, mutate PABA binding site and decreased permeability to sulfonamides, due to resistance usually admisnistered with triehtropim or pyrimethamine, compete with billirubin for binding sites (more unconjugated lead to kernitcterus and brain damage)

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

Term
Sulfalene
Definition

Sulfanomides: highly selective, microbes combat by increasing PABA synthesis, mutate PABA binding site and decreased permeability to sulfonamides, due to resistance usually admisnistered with triehtropim or pyrimethamine, compete with billirubin for binding sites (more unconjugated lead to kernitcterus and brain damage)

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

 

Term
Dapsone
Definition

Sulfatones:Dapsone-leprosy and pneumocytosis carnii pneumonia, side effect of methemoglobinemia

Antimicrobial Dihydroprotease Synthase Inhibitors- PABA analogues that competitively inhibit microbial dihydroprotease synthase and thereby prevent the synthesis of folic acid

Term

Trimethoprim

Definition

Trimethoprim-bacterial, unchanged in urine (UTI Tx)

Antimicrobial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors-folate analogues that competitively inhibit microbial DHFR and thereby prevent the regeneration tetrahydrofolate from dihdyrofolate


Term

Pyrimethamine

Definition

Pyrimethamine- parisitic , effective for toxoplasmosis

Antimicrobial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors-folate analogues that competitively inhibit microbial DHFR and thereby prevent the regeneration tetrahydrofolate from dihdyrofolate

Term

Methotrexate

Definition

Methotrexate-little selectivity, reversible, arrest cells in S phase, use in chemo with leucovorin administered several hours after (rescues folinic acid in non-malignant cells), head, neck and breast CA

Antimicrobial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors-folate analogues that competitively inhibit microbial DHFR and thereby prevent the regeneration tetrahydrofolate from dihdyrofolate

Term

Aspirin

Definition

Aspirin- salicylate, long half life, irreversible on 1 and 2, lose dose for anthromobogenic prophylaxis, formation of aspirin-triggered lipoxins (15-epi lipoxn), side effects of anspirin induced airway hyperactivity (airway constriction) and Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy and liver steatosis in children)

Term

Ibuprofen

Definition

Propionic Acid, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing spondylitis

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Naproxen

Definition

Propionic Acid, long half life, less GI effects than aspirin

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term
Ketroprofen
Definition

Propionic Acid

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term
Flurbiprofen
Definition

Propionic Acid

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term
Indomethacin
Definition

Inhibits neotrophil motility

Acetic Acids-incoroporate arachidonic acid into tricglyceride, making less available, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing sondylitis and other musculoskeltal disorders

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term
Sulindac
Definition

Acetic Acids-incoroporate arachidonic acid into tricglyceride, making less available, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing sondylitis and other musculoskeltal disorders

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Etodolac

Definition

Acetic Acids-incoroporate arachidonic acid into tricglyceride, making less available, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing sondylitis and other musculoskeltal disorders

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Diclofenac

Definition

Acetic Acids-incoroporate arachidonic acid into tricglyceride, making less available, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing sondylitis and other musculoskeltal disorders

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Ketorolac

Definition

Acetic Acids-incoroporate arachidonic acid into tricglyceride, making less available, used for RA, osteoarthrits, ankylosing sondylitis and other musculoskeltal disorders

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Piroxicam

Definition

Oxicams, long half life, better tolerated than naproxen/ibuprofen and equally effective, inhibits collagenase and oxidative burst

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Mefenamate

Definition

Fenametes:antagonize prostanoid receptors to various degrees, less effective and more toxic than aspirin

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Melcofenamate

Definition

Fenametes:antagonize prostanoid receptors to various degrees, less effective and more toxic than aspirin

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Nabumefetone

Definition

Ketones, preference to COX-2, less GI side effects, associated with dizziness and HA

Nonseteroidal anti-inflamamtory drugs (NSAIDs)-inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, decreasing biosynthesis of downstream eiconosoids and thereby limiting the inflammatory response, only suppress signs of underlying inflammatory response but may not necessarily reverse or resolve the inflammatory process, associated with gastroathy (dyspepsia, gastrotoxicity, etc)

Term

Acetaminophen

Definition

Weak inhibitor of peripheral COX's, (insignificant anti-inflammatory) predominant effect may be inhibition of COX-3 in the CNS, hepatotoxic on overdose (cytochrome P450)

Term

Celecoxib

Definition

Selective COX-2 inhibitor, no COX-1 so no anti-platelet, unsure safety profile (associated with thrombogenity-CVA)-reduced PGI2 formation, but less GI bleeding (although now disbuted), use with RA, ankylosing spondylitis, acute pn, and dsysmenorrhea, and familial adenomatous polyposis (decreased activity of PPAR receptor alpha)

Term

Etanercept

Definition

TNF receptor with IgG attached, Cytokine inhibitors-inhibit TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA and other autoimmune, increased risk of TB, fungal infection, hep B

Term

Infliximab

Definition

humanized mouse monocolonal antibody against TNF alpha

Cytokine inhibitors-inhibit TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA and other autoimmune, increased risk of TB, fungal infection, hep B

 

Term

Adalimumab

Definition

IgG antibody/Fab fragment against TNF-alpha

Cytokine inhibitors-inhibit TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA and other autoimmune, increased risk of TB, fungal infection, hep B

Term

Golimumab

Definition

IgG antibody/Fab fragment against TNF-alpha

Cytokine inhibitors-inhibit TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA and other autoimmune, increased risk of TB, fungal infection, hep B

Term

Certiolizumab

Definition

IgG antibody/Fab fragment against TNF-alpha

Cytokine inhibitors-inhibit TNF-alpha (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA and other autoimmune, increased risk of TB, fungal infection, hep B

Term

Anakinra

Definition

cytokine inhibitor, inhibits IL-1 (pro-inflammatory cytokine), Tx of RA when others have failed

Term

Prednisone

Definition

Gluccoroticoids- inhibit COX-2 action (repress gene and enzyme expression, repress cytokines that activate COX-2 and limit substrate AA) and PG biosynthesis by inducing lipocortinsm activating endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways and other mechanisms, interfered with phosphopliase A2 (less AA available), induce annexins

Term

Prednisolone

Definition

Gluccoroticoids- inhibit COX-2 action (repress gene and enzyme expression, repress cytokines that activate COX-2 and limit substrate AA) and PG biosynthesis by inducing lipocortinsm activating endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways and other mechanisms, interfered with phosphopliase A2 (less AA available), induce annexins

Term
Methylpredinsolone
Definition

Gluccoroticoids- inhibit COX-2 action (repress gene and enzyme expression, repress cytokines that activate COX-2 and limit substrate AA) and PG biosynthesis by inducing lipocortinsm activating endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways and other mechanisms, interfered with phosphopliase A2 (less AA available), induce annexins

Term
Dexamethasone
Definition

Gluccoroticoids- inhibit COX-2 action (repress gene and enzyme expression, repress cytokines that activate COX-2 and limit substrate AA) and PG biosynthesis by inducing lipocortinsm activating endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways and other mechanisms, interfered with phosphopliase A2 (less AA available), induce annexins

Term

Dazobixen

Definition

inhibit thromboxane synthase

Thrmoboxane antagonisits- inhibit thromboxane synthase or antagonize thromboxane receptor, investigational agents, inhibit platelet activity, not clinically more effective than aspirin and more expensive

Term

Pirmagrel

Definition

inhibit thromboxane synthase

Thrmoboxane antagonisits- inhibit thromboxane synthase or antagonize thromboxane receptor, investigational agents, inhibit platelet activity, not clinically more effective than aspirin and more expensive

 

Term

Ridorgrel

Definition

TXA2 receptor antagonist

Thrmoboxane antagonisits- inhibit thromboxane synthase or antagonize thromboxane receptor, investigational agents, inhibit platelet activity, not clinically more effective than aspirin and more expensive

Term

Zileuton

Definition

Lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachadonic acid, used in asthma, IBS and RA, limits ability of lipoxygenase to utilize nonheme iron (chelates), low bioavailability and potency but high liver toxicity

Term

Monotelukast

Definition

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist- selective antagonist of cystinyl leukotriene type-1 receptor (CysLT), used to treat bronchoconstriction (most effective for asthma against antigen), improve bronchial tone

Term

Zafirlukast

Definition

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist- selective antagonist of cystinyl leukotriene type-1 receptor (CysLT), used to treat bronchoconstriction (most effective for asthma against antigen), improve bronchial tone

Term

Diphenhydramine

Definition

Ethanolamines, Diphenhydramine- motion sickness/nausea (chemo), insomnia (but cause next day sedation)

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term

Carbinoxamine

Definition
Ethanolamine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)
Term
Clemastine
Definition

Ethanolamine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term
Dimenhydrinate
Definition

Ethanolamine, motion sickness/nausea (chemo)

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term

Pyrilamine

Definition

Ethylendimanies, insomnia (but cause next day sedation)

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

 

Term

Chlorpheniramine

Definition

Alkylamines, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term
Tripelennamine
Definition

 

Alkylamines, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

 

Term

Chlorpheniramine

Definition
Alkylamine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)
Term
Brompheniramine
Definition

Alkylamine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term
Cyproheptadine
Definition

Piperidine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term
Phenidamine
Definition

 

Piperidine, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

 

Term

Promethazine

Definition

promethazines, motion sickness/nausea (chemo)

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term

Hydroxyzine

Definition

Piperazines-anti pruritic

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

Term

Cylclizine

Definition
Piperazines, First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)
Term

Melclizine

Definition

Piperazine, motion sickness/nausea (chemo)

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

 

 

Term

Doxepin

Definition

Tricyclic dibenzoxepins, anti pruritic, used preferentially in depressed patients

First generation H1 antihistamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of the H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium to the inactive receptor site, general structure of two aromatic rings linked to a substituted ethylamine backbone, neutral at physiologic pH so can penetrate blood-brain barrier (drowsiness etc)

 

 

Term

Cetirizine

Definition

Piperazines

Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term

Levocertizine

Definition
Piperazines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier
Term

Acrivastine

Definition
Alkylamines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier
Term

Loratadine

Definition
Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier
Term
Desloratidine
Definition

Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term
Levocabastine
Definition

Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term
Ebastine
Definition

Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term
Mizolastine
Definition

Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term
Fexofendadine
Definition

Piperidines, Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term

Azelastine

Definition

Phthalazoinones, topical used for nasal congestion

Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term

Olopatadine

Definition

Tricyclic dibenzoxepins, topical used for nasal congestion

Second generation H1 anti-histamines-inverse agonists that bind preferentially to the inactive conformation of H1 receptor and shift the equilibrium toward the inactive receptor site, ionized at physiologic pH so does NOT cross blood-brain barrier

Term

Cimetidine

Definition

H2 receptor antagonists-inhibit histiamine induced gastric acid secretion (GERD and peptic ulcer diseae), adverse effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 drug metabolism

Term
Famotidine
Definition

H2 receptor antagonists-inhibit histiamine induced gastric acid secretion (GERD and peptic ulcer diseae), adverse effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 drug metabolism

Term
Nizatidine
Definition

H2 receptor antagonists-inhibit histiamine induced gastric acid secretion (GERD and peptic ulcer diseae), adverse effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 drug metabolism

Term
Ranitidine
Definition

H2 receptor antagonists-inhibit histiamine induced gastric acid secretion (GERD and peptic ulcer diseae), adverse effect of inhibition of cytochrome P450 drug metabolism

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