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DRUGS AND SOCIETY CH. 1
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW
32
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2011

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Term
Psychoactive Drugs
Definition
Any substance that directly alters the normal function of the Central Nervous System.
Term
More than 4,000 plants
Definition
contain psychoactive substances.
Term
A psychoactive drug can be referred to by its
Definition
chemical name, trade name, or street name.
Term
Street names
Definition
come from drug users and they change continuously.
Term
Chemical names
Definition
provide information on the structure or function of the drug and are used in science and medicine.
Term
Trade names
Definition
refer to a drug company's specific product containing the psychoactive drug in a patented formulation.
Term
Examples of Street names.
Definition
Chronic, Bars, Ocs.
Term
Examples of Chemical names.
Definition
tetrahydrocannabinol, alprazolam, oxycodone.
Term
Examples of Trade names.
Definition
Marinol, Xanax, OxyContin, Percodan.
Term
Drugs are grouped or classified by their
Definition
physical and emotional effects.
Term
Uppers are
Definition
stimulants.
Term
Natural substances are
Definition
produced by plants.
Term
Cocain comes from
Definition
the leaves of the coca plant.
Term
Nicotine comes from
Definition
tobacco plant leaves.
Term
Caffeine comes from
Definition
coffee bush berries (beans), tea leaves and cola nuts.
Term
Cathinone comes from
Definition
the khat bush.
Term
Arecoline comes from
Definition
betel nuts.
Term
Yohhimbe comes from
Definition
the yohimbe tree.
Term
Synthetic stimulants are
Definition
produced in legal pharmaceutical labs or in illegal underground labs.

ex:
D, 1-amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Term
Physical effects of stimulants.
Definition
Increased nerve cell activity.
Release of hormone adrenaline.
Increase of heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate.
Sweating, dry mouth and dilated pupils.
Insomnia and decreased appetite.
Term
Mental/Emotional effects of stimulants.
Definition
Increased alertness and attention.
Elevated mood, confidence, self-esteem, even euphoria.
High doses can lead to irritability, restlessness and paranoid thoughts.
Term
Downers are
Definition
depressants.
Term
The three major types of depressant drugs are:
Definition
Opiates/Opioids
Sedative-hypnotics
Alcohol
Term
The two opiates/opioids are made by the opium poppy are
Definition
Morphine and Codeine.
Term
Some are chemical variations of morphine and codeine called
Definition
semi-synthetic.

ex.
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Term
Others are fully
Definition
synthetic drugs.

ex.
Methadone (Dolophine)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
Term
Sedative-hypnotics are used to
Definition
reduce anxiety and induce sleep

ex.
Pentobarbital (Seconal)
Diazepam (Valium)
Term
Physical effects of depressants.
Definition
Decreased coordination.
Decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
Relaxed muscle tone and constricted pupils.
Drowsiness.
Coma, if the dose is high enough.
Term
Mental effects of depressants.
Definition
Reduced anxiety and emotional distress.
Disinhibition of impulses and emotions.
Term
All arounders are
Definition
drugs that can distort perceptions of reality. This is the most diverse class of drugs we will discuss. They are sometimes referred to as hallucinogens or psychedelics.
Term
Some all arounders are
Definition
found in nature.

ex.
Psilocybin in mushrooms.
Mescaline in the Peyote cactus.
Term
Other all arounders are
Definition
synthetic.

ex.
LSD
Ketamine
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