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drug class wk 2
n/a
22
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
08/23/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

H2 Receptor antagonist

antacids

Definition

Indication:

hyperacidity: peptic ulcers, GERD

 

Mechanism of action:

blocks the H2 receptor of acid-producing parietal cells making them less responsive to histamine

 

Drugs:

  • Gaviscon(aluminum carbonate and hydroxide salt)
  • Mylanta(aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide)
  • Alka-Seltzers(sodium bicarbonate salt)
  • milk of magnesia(magnesium hydroxide)
  • Tums(calcium carbonate)
  • Pecid(famotidine)
  • Zantac(ranitidine)
  • Tagamet(cimetidine)
Term

 

Proton Pump Inhibitor

antacids

Definition

Indication:

duodenal ulcers, NSAID induced ulcers, poor response to H2 receptor antagonist

 

Mechanism of action:

inhibit the activity of proton pumps and are used to inhibit gastric acid secretion

 

 

Drugs:

  • Prilosec (omperazole)
  • Prevacid (lansoprazole)
  • Protonix (pantoprazole
Term

Antidiarrheal

adsorbents

Definition

Indication: for milder cases of diarrhea

 

Mechanism of action:

coats the wall of the GI tract and absorbs bacteria

 

Drugs:

  • Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)
  • Colestid (colestipol)
  • LoCholest (cholestyramine)
Term

Antidiarrheal

antichlolinergic

Definition

Indication:severe cases of diarrhea

 

Mechanism of action:

work to slowly peristalsis by reducing rhymin contractions and smooth muscle tone of the GI tract

 

 

Drug

  • Donnatal(belladonna alkaloids/phenobarbital/ atrpoine/ hyoscyamine/scopolamine) 
Term

Antidiarrheal

Intestinal flora modifiers

Definition

Indication: patients with antibiotic-induced diarrhea

 

Mechanism of action:work by replinishing the body's normal bacteria flora that causes diarrhea

 

Drug:

  • Bacid (Lactobacillus Acidophilus)
  • Culturelle (Lactobacillus GG)
Term

Antidiarrheal

opiates

Definition

Indication: severe cases of diarrhea

 

Mechanism of action:

reduces bowel motility and reduction of pain associated with diarrhea by relief of rectal spasms

 

Drug:

  •  Imodium (loperamide)
  • Lomotil (diphenoxylate with atropine)
Term

Laxatives

bulk-forming

Definition

Indication:acute and chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome

 

Mechanism of action:absorbs water into the intestines which increases the bulk and distends the bowel to intiate reflex bowel activity=bowel movement

 

 

Drugs:

  • Metamucil (psyllium)
  • Citrucel (methylcellulose)
Term

Laxative

emollient

Definition

Indication:acute and chronic constipation, fecal impaction

 

Mechanism of action: "stool softeners" work by lowering the surface tension of the GI fluids so the more water and fat are absorbed through the stools

 

"lubricant laxatives" work by lubricating fecal material and the intestinal wall

 

 

Drugs:

  • Colace (docusate sodium)
  • Fleet Oil (mineral oil)
Term

Laxative

hyperosmotic

Definition

Indication:chronic constipation, bowel prep for surgery

 

Mechanism of action:work by increasing fecal water content, which results in distention, increase peristalsis and evacuation.

 

 

Drugs:

  • Colyte (polyethylene glycol)
  • Enulose (lactulose
  • Fleet (glycerin)
Term

Laxative

stimulant

Definition

Indication: acute constipation, bowel prep for surgery

 

Mechanism of action:

stimulates the nerves the innervate the intestines also increase fluid in the colon

 

Drugs:

  • Dulcolax (bisacodyl)
  • Senokot (senna)
Term

Pituitary drugs

anterior

Definition

Indication:replacement hormone therapy

 

Mechanism of action:augment or antagonize the natural effects of the pituitary hormones

 

Drugs:

  • Cortrosyn (cosyntropin)-cortisol secretion hormone
  • Humatrope (somatotropin)-growth hormone
  • Thyrogen (thyrotropin)-thyroid hormone
Term

Pituitary drugs

posterior

Definition

Indication:excessive thirst, polyuria, and dehydration

 

Mechanism of action: mimic action of naturally occuring antidiuretic hormone affecting renal water conservation (ADH) reducing water excretion

 

Drugs:

  • Pitressin (vasopressin)
  • Stimate (desmopressin)
Term

Thyroid replacement

hypothyroidism

Definition

Indication: euthyroid

 

Mechanism of action: work to induce changes in the metablic rate incl. protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and axygen consumption, body temp., cellular growth

 

Drugs:

  • T4 (levothyroxine)
  • T3 (liothyronine)
  • T3 & T4 (liotrix)
Term

Antithyroid drugs

hyperthyroidism

Definition

Indication:hyperthyroidism

 

Mechanism of action: work by inhibiting the incorporation of iodine molecules into the amino acid tyrosine -impede the formation of thyroid hormone

 

Drugs:

  • Synthroid, Levoxyl (levothyroxine)
  • propylthiouracil
Term

Antidiabetic

insulin

Definition

Indication:type 1 and type 2 diabetes

 

Mechanism of action:serves to replace the insulin that is either not made at all or is made defectively in the body of a diabetic patient

 

Drugs:

  • Humulin R (regular insulin)- short acting
  • Lantus (insulin glargine)- long acting 
  • Novolog (insulin aspart)-rapid acting
  • Humalog (insulin lispro)-rapid acting
Term

Antidiabetic

Biguanide

Definition

Indication:type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Mechanism of action: works by decreasing glucose production by the liver

 

Drugs:

  • Glucophage (metformin)
Term

Antidiabetics

sulfonylureas

Definition

Indication:type 2 diabetes patients who's A1C levels remain elevated after metformin is taken

 

Mechanism of action: bind to specific receptors in beta cells in the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin

 

Drugs:

  • Glucotrol (glipizide)
Term

Antidiabetic

glinides

Definition

Indication:type 2 diabetes

 

Mechanism of action: increase insulin secretion from the pancreas shorter duration than sulfonylureas

 

Drugs:

  • Prandin (repaglinide)
  • Starlix (nateglinide)
Term

Antidiabetic

thiazolidinediones

Definition

Indication:management of type 2 diabetes

 

Mechanism of action: work by decreasing insulin resistance by enhancing the sensitivity of insulin receptors

 

Drugs:

  • Actos (pioglitazone)
  • Avandia (rosiglitazone)
Term

Antidiabetic

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Definition

Indication: treat type 2 diabetes

 

Mechanism of action: work by reversibly inhibiting the enzyme alpha-glucosidase that is found in the small intestines

 

Drugs:

  • Precose (acarbose)
  • Glyset (miglitol)
Term

Antidiabetic drug

amylin mimetics

Definition

Indication:type 1 or  type 2 diabetes patients receiving meal time insulin without optimal glucose control

 

Mechanism of action: work by mimicking the action of the natural hormone amylin

 

Drugs:

  • Symlin (pramlintide)
Term

Antidiabetic drug

incretin mimetics

Definition

Indication:type 2 diabetes patients who have been unable to acheive blood glucose control with metformin, a sulfonylurea and/or glitazone

 

Mechanism of action: work by stimulating the release of the body's natural insulin in response to high sugar levels after a meal-lowering blood sugar

 

Drugs:

  • Byetta (exenatide)
  • Januvia (sitagliptin)
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