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Drug Cards #3
Drug Cards #3
31
Pharmacology
Professional
11/02/2012

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Term

Trade Name: Pentothal

Generic Name: Thiopental

Classification: Anesthetic

Dosage: 500mg, 1g, 2.5g, 5g

Route: Inj

Definition

Indication: general anesthesia induction and general anesthesia maintenance

Effects on body: Reduction in neuronal activity.The effectiveness of thiopental in reducing intracranial pressure is attributable to its ability to decrease cerebral blood flow and volume by increasing cerebral vascular resistance. Potential mechanisms of action include a reduction in cerebral metabolic rate, inhibition of vasoparalysis, and free radical scavenger activity. 

Side effects: adrenal insuficiency, anemia, asthma, hypotension, shock, renal impairment, renal failure

Term

Trade Name: Diprivan

Generic Name: Propofol

Classification: nonbarbiturate anesthetic

Dosage: 10mg/ml

Route: IV, Inj

Definition

Indication: general anesthesia induction, maintenance, sedation

Effects on body: Propofol activates chloride channels in the β1 subunit of gama-aminobutyric (GABA), but it is unknown if propofol binds directly to the receptor, binding sites, or if the effects are a result of mediation of distinct mechanisms, such as second messengers.

Side effects: asthma, angina, seosis, stroke

Term

Trade Name: Novocain

Generic Name: Procain

Classification: anesthetic (short acting)

Dosage: 1%, 2%, 10%

Route: Injection

Definition

Indication: anesthetic for procedures (ex: dental, infiltration, local anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, spinal, sympathetic nerve block

Effects on body: Like all local anesthetics, procaine causes a reversible blockade of nerve conduction by decreasing nerve membrane permeability to sodium. This decreases the rate of membrane depolarization, thereby increasing the threshold for electrical excitability. The blockade affects all nerve fibers in the following sequence: autonomic, sensory, and motor, with effects diminishing in reverse order.

Side effects: AV block, infection, hypertension, hypotension, shock

Term

Trade Name: Dramamine

Generic Name: Dimenhydrinate

Classification: antihistamine

Dosage: 25mg, 50mg

Route: PO

Definition

Indication: motion sickness, nausea/vomiting, vertigo

Effects on body: The anticholinergic effects of dimenhydrinate are proposed to inhibit vestibular stimulation which occurs during motion sickness and vertigo

Side effects: asthma, bronchitis, cardia arrhythmias, constipation, seizures, urinary retention

Term

Trade Name:

Generic Name: Morphine

Classification: Analegesic (opiate agonists)

Dosage: 15mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 120 mg, 10mg/5ml, 100mg/5ml

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Definition

Indication: moderate pain, severe pain

Effects on body: Morphine is a potent mu-opiate receptor agonist. Opiate receptors includemu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta. Blocks pain mechanism, causes severe constipation slowing everything down in GI tract

Side effects: angina, asthma, coma, urinary retention

Term

Trade Name: Dolophine

Generic Name: Methadone

Classification: Analgesics (opiate agonists)

Dosage: 5mg, 10mg, 40mg, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Definition

Indication: severe pain, opiate dependence or withdrawal

Effects on body: Methadone is a potent µ-opiate receptor agonist. Opiate receptors include µ (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta)

Side effects: angina, anxiety, asthma, respiratory depression, constipation, hypoxemia

Term

Trade Name: Demerol

Generic Name: Meperidine

Classification: Analgesics (opiate agonists)

Dosage: 50mg, 100mg, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 75mg/ml

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Definition

Indication: general anesthesia maintaince, moderate pain, sedation inductions, severe pain

Effects on body: Meperidine is a mu- and kappa-opiate receptor agonist that also has local anesthetic effects.

Side effects: angina, asthma, hypotension

Term

Trade Name: Narcan

Generic Name: Naloxone

Classification: Antidotes (opiate antagonsits)

Dosage: 50mg/0.5mg, 0.4mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.02mg/ml

Route: PO, Inj, Solution

Definition

Indication: opiate agonist overdose, induced respiratory depression

Effects on body: pure antagonist with little or no agonistic activity. Opiate receptors include mu, kappa, and delta.

Side effects: hypersensitivity

Term
Trade Name: Phenergan
Generic Name: Promethazine
Classification: Antiemetic
Recommended Dose: 12.5, 25 and 50 mg tablets
ROA: Oral, suppositories or IV
Definition
How works in body: blocks acetylcholine receptors
Drug Uses: tx of nausea
Side Effects: bradycardia, bradypnea, twitching, hallucinatons
Term
Trade Name: Streptase
Generic Name: Streptokinase
Classification: Thrombolytic
Recommended Dose: 1,500,000 IU within 60 min.
ROA: IV or Intracoronary
Definition
How works in body:stimulates extra production of plasmin
Drug Uses: tx of acute MI, lysis of pulmonary emboli
Side Effects: nausea \ dizziness, low blood pressure
Term
Trade Name: Activase
Generic Name: Alteplase
Classification: tissue-type plasminogen activator/fibrinolytic
Recommended Dose: 15 mg injection followed by 50 mg or 0.75 mg/kg (up to 50 mg) infused over 30 minutes then 35 mg or 0.5 mg/kg (up to 35 mg) over 60 minutes. The total dose is 100 mg.
Definition
How works in body:attaching to the fibrin in abnormal blood clots, such as those in the arteries supplying the heart. It then activates the production of plasmin, which causes the clots to disintegrate. This unblocks the blood vessel and allows blood flow to resume to the affected organ.
Drug Uses: MI, pulm emobolism
Side Effects: arythmias, hypotension, chest pain
Term
Trade Name: Neostigmine
Generic Name: prostigmin
Classification: Anticholinesterase muscle stimulant
Recommended Dose: 25-50 mcg/kilo
ROA: Intramuscular, subcutaneous or slow intravenous injection
Definition
How works in body: by interfering with the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Drug Uses: used to improve muscle tone in people with myasthenia gravis and routinely in anesthesia to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
Side Effects: headache, blurred vision, bradycardia
Term
Trade Name: Tensilon or Enlon
Generic Name: Edrophonium
Classification: Cholinergic muscle stimulant
Recommended Dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mL/kg
ROA: IV
Definition
How works in body:prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, mainly at the neuromuscular junction
Drug Uses: used to differentiate myasthenia gravis from cholinergic crisis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Side Effects: bradycardia, weakness, nausea
Term
Trade Name: Tubocurarine chloride
Classification: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Recommended Dose: 3 mg/ml
ROA: IV
Definition
How works in body: block the cholinergic transmission between somatic motor nerve endings and the nicotninc receptors on the end plate of skeletal muscle
Drug Uses: Muscle relaxant during surgery or setting of fractures and dislocations; spasticity caused by injury to or disease of CNS. Treat seizures electrically induced or induced by drugs. Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Side Effects: Apnea, Cardiovascular collapse, Ganglionic blockage, Postoperative respiratory failure
Term
Trade Name: Pancuronium Bromide
Generic Name: Pavulon
Classification: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent
Recommended Dose: 0.04 to 0.1 mg/kg
ROA: IV
Definition
How works in body: competitive acetylcholine antagonist on neuromuscular junctions
Drug Uses: adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate tracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Side Effects: hypotension, problems with circulation, bronchospasm
Term
Trade Name: Anectine
Generic Name: Suxamethonium chloride/succinylcholine
Classification: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Recommended Dose: 0.6 mg/kg
ROA: injection
Definition
How works in body: acts on nicotinic receptors resulting in persistent depolarization of the motor end plate
Drug Uses: induce muscle relaxation and short-term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation
Side Effects: malignant hyperthermia, hyperkalaemia, and anaphylaxis
Term
Trade Name: Cyclobenzaprine
Generic Name: Flexeril
Class: Muscle Relaxer
ROA: Oral
Dosage: Tablet 10mg
Definition
Relives skeletal muscle system of local origin without interfering with muscle function. Adjuct to restrand physical therapy.
Term
Trade Name: Carisoprodol
Generic Name: Soma
Classification: Musle Relaxer
Dose: Tablet
ROA: Oral
Definition
HOW-Musle relaxer that works by blocking pain sensations between nerves and the brain.
USE-Impairs your thinking or reactions, paralysis, weakness,lightheadedness, increase heart rate, and can cause seizures
Term
Trade name: Diazepam
Generic Name: Valium
Class: Benzodiazepine
Doseage: Tablet
2,5,or 10 mg
ROA: Oral
Definition
HOW-Manages anxiety ot the short term relief of the symptoms of anxiety.
SE-Confusion,depression, dysarthria, headache, tremors, and vertigo
Term
Trade: Midazolam
Generic: Versed
Class: Short acting Benzodiazepine
ROA: Injection
Dosage:
Definition
HOW- Reduces anxiety or produced drowsiness or anesthesia before procedures.
SE- Blurred vision,change in BP, breathing and HR issues, nausea, and pain
Term
Trade Name: Zolpidem
Generic Name: Ambien
Classification: Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic
ROA: Tablet
Reccomended Dose: Oral 10mg
Definition
How- helps patients fall asleep who have imsomnia.
SE- rash, itching, hives, change in vision, confusion, depressed mood, faint, or lightheadedness
Term
Trade Name: Phenobarbital
Generic Name: Barbituate
Class: anticovulsant
Dose: Tablet
ROA: Oral
Definition
How- Can be used to help sleep or treat seizures.
SE- rash,itching, hives, breathing problems, fever, chills, or sore throat.
Term
Trade Name: Phenytoin
Generic Name: Dilantin
Classification: Anti-epileptic/anticovulsant
Dosage: extended release capsule
ROA: Oral
Definition
How- SLows down impulses in the brain that causes seizures.
SE- Fever, Swollen glands, body aches, flu symptoms, skin rash
Term
Heparin;unfractionated heparin
class;Anticoagulant
route; sub q inj, IV
dose; 47 units/kg-600 units/kg IV
30-40 mg sub q
Short half life
Definition
ind; venous thromboembolism, PE, AFib, DVT
body; binds with antithrombin III to inhibit the conversion of thrombin to Fibrinogen
SE; hemorrhage, hematoma, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, increased liver enzymes
Term
enoxaparin;lovenox
class; low molecular weight heparin (anitcoagulant)
dose; same as heparin
Long half life
Definition
ind; same as heparin
body; same as heparin, just longer half life
se; same as heparin
Term
Warfarin;coumadin
class; anticoagulant
dose; 1-10 mg tablet
5 mg IV powder for solution
Definition
ind; same as heparin
body; inhibit vitamin K which inhibits the conversion of thromboplastin to pro thrombin
Se; same as heparin
Term
Glipizide;glucotrol
class; hypoglycemic
dose; 5-10 mg tablet
route; oral-30 mins before meal
Definition
ind; diabetes mellitius type 2
body; stimulate insulin secretion from pancreas in response to a meal. also increases insulin sesnsitivity and decreases hepatic glucose production
Term
Nitrous oxide; laughing gas
class; anesthetic
dose; 70% NOS to 30% O2
route;inhalation
Definition
ind;general anestesia in combination with O2 and another stronger anesthetic
Body; binds to protein-binding site in the Neurons of the CNS
Se;hypoxia, mental confusion, respiratory distress, neuropathy
Term
Halothane; ethrane, enflerane
class;anesthetic
dose; labor/delivery: 0.25-1% concentration
General anesthesia: 2-4.5% mixed with NOS
Definition
ind; general anesthesia, analgesia for labor/delivery
body; rapid-acting general anesthetic drug that causes muscle relaxation and decreases pharygeal and laryngeal reflexes
Se; N/V, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypotension, seizure
Term
Clopidogrel;plavix
class; anitplatelet
dose; loading 300-600 tablety
maintenance 75 mg tablet
route; oral
Definition
ind;MI, thrombosis, prophylazis, cerebrovascular accidents
body; inhibits platelet aggregation, doesnt allow for release of thromboplastin
Se; peptic ulcer, renal disfunction, hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction
Term
Odansetron; Zofran
class; anitemetic
dose; IM- 2mg/ml
IV- 32mg/50ml
Tablet- 4-8 mg
Route; IM, IV, oral tablet
Definition
ind; chemo-therapy induced N/V
body; blocks 5-HT3 receptor peripherally in valgul nerve terminals
Se; AFib, prolonged QT-interval, Torsades de Pointes
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