Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Dr. Roberts Chemistry 122
Test Chapters 1&2
47
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
06/07/2009

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is chemistry?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Study of mater and it's interacton with other mater

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is scientific method?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

a set of general principles that describes the thinking of a scientist

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Name the more steps involved in the scientific method?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Observations,Hypotheisis, Experiments, and Theory

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the importance of chemistry?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Understanding chemistry and measurement helps us make proper choices about the world

Term

 

 

 

What is the difference of

Mass vs. Weight

Definition

 

 

 

 

Mass is the same no matter what

weight is depentent on gravity

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What equation is used to show Density?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Density = mass of substance


volume of substance

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is ment by density?

Definition

 

 

 

 

mass of an object vs. it's volume

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is chemistry's relationship to other sciences?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Physics is the basis of chemistry.

Chemistry is the basis of biology.

Biology is the basis for psychology.

Psychology is the basis of sociology.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the relationship between cm3 and mL?

Definition

 

 

 

D=  g  =   g


        mL = cm3

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is specifc gravity?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

A ratio between density of a substance and the density of water.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

How is specific gravity related to density?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

specific gravity = density of sample


                       density of water

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the density of water?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

1.00 g/ml

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is matter?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

A measure of the quantity of material in an object

Term

 

 

 

 

 


What are the physical states of matter?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Pure substance or mixtures

Term

 

 

 

 

 

How can we tell the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

A pure substance is one type of matter

A mixture is 2 or more pure substances

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is an element?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Element is the simples because they are compused of one atom.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is a compound?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Consist of a combination of two or more elements in the same ratio.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is ment by period?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Each horizontal row on the periodic table

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is ment by group?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Each vertical column on the periodic table

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the name of group 1?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Alkali Metals

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the name of group 2?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Alkaline earth metals

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is the name of group 17?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Halogens

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the name of group 18?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Noble gases

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Found on the left of the line except for hydrogen

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Found on the right of the line

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Where are metalloids found on the periodic table?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Found in the shaded boxes

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What subatomic particles are found in an atom?

Where are they located?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Proton - nucleus

Neutron - nucleus

Electron - outside nucleus

Term

 

 

 

 

What are the charges of the subatomic particles?

What are their masses?

Definition

 

 

Protons = + 1amu

Neutron = 0 1amu

Electron = - 0amu

Term

 

 

 

 

Given an isotope symbol for an element, how can we determine the numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons?

Definition

 

 

 

 

mass number - atomic number = neutrons

atomic number = protons and electrons

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is ment by isotopes?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Why is the mass reported on the periodic table different than the mass of individual isotope?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Mass reported on the periodic table is an average of naturally occuring isotopes.

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Which orbitals are found in each energy level?

Definition

 

 

 

s orbitals for each s sublevel

p orbitals for each p sublevel

d orbitals for each d sublevel

f orbitals for each f sublevel

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What are the maximum number of electrons found in each shell, subshell, or orbital?

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

s - 2 electrons

p - 6 electrons

d - 10 electrons

f = 14 electrons

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Orbitals: Shape of s

How is this related to the probability of locating  an electron?

Definition

 

 

 

S is 3D spherical shape

The shape gives a high probability of locating an electron

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Orbitals: Shape of p

How is this related to the probability of locating  an electron?

Definition

 

 

 

 

Shape of p is 3D dumbbell

This gives p a higher probability of finding an electron.

Term

 

 

 

 

Electron spin

(what happens when 2 electrons are placed in the same orbital?)

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

They have opposite spins

 

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Periodic Trends

relationship to period and group

Definition

 

 

 

 

Periods = increase or decrease

Group = patteren of regular change

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Atomic Size: trend in period?

group?

Definition

 

 

 

Period = increase of valence electrons w/ corresponding increase in protons

Group = atomic radius increases

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Ionization Energy (first): trend in period?

group?

Definition

 

 

 

 

period = increases

group = decreases

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Valence Electrons

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Lewis Symbols for atoms

(Electron-Don Symbols)

Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Convenient way to represent the valence electron.

Term

 

 

 

The mass of the sun is 2.00 x 1030kg.  Hydrogen makes up 74% of this mass.

Calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sun in grams.  Show answer in scientific notation.

Definition

 

 

 

2.00 x 1030 kg    74 kgH   1000 gH


 

                     100 kg     1kgH

 

148 x 1035


100                               = 1.48 x 1033 gH

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Kelvin vs. Celsius

Definition

 

 

 

 

100 kelvins = 1 celsius unit

Term
[image]
Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Beaker

Term
[image]
Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Erlenmeyer Flask

Term
[image]
Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Graduated Cylinder

Term
[image]
Definition

 

 

 

 

 

Volumetric Flask

Supporting users have an ad free experience!