Shared Flashcard Set

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Dreamtime Final
Final Exam review
54
Accounting
Undergraduate 2
03/30/2011

Additional Accounting Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a glacial maximum and when did the last one occur?
Definition

20,000 years ago

When the glaciers are at their maximum mass. Lower sea levels and more light is reflected back into the atmosphere.

Term
What was the lowest sea level during the last ice age?
Definition
-130m
Term
What type of evidence suggests people arrived in Australia before 100,000 years ago?
Definition

Fire, burned land and vegetation.

Increase in fire resistent plants, increase in charcoal.

Term
Name two ways in which the first migrants may have explored Australia?
Definition

  1. Coastal route
  2. River highway that goes inland

Term
What do the 42,000 year old burials at Lake Mungo tell us about early Australian culture?
Definition
Had a belief system because of burial ritual. Trading ocre. Lightly built. Complex language. Groups/organizations. Teeth worn down from stripping plants.
Term
What did the Kow Swamp people look like?
Definition
Big teeth, prominent muscle markings, sloped foreheads, browridges, tall
Term
What does the skeletal evidence from Kow Swamp and Lake Mungo tell us about the origin of some of the earliest Australians?
Definition
Kow Swamp came from Java
Lake Mungo came from China
Term
What are the likely causes of the extinction of the Australian megafauna?
Definition
Environment was more arid, less water. Humans burned the landscape.
Term
When did the dingo arrive in Australia?
Definition
3.4-4,000 years from SE Asia
Term
Define a tribe.
Definition
1-2k people. Definite boundary. Politically independent. Distinct language.
Term
Define a band
Definition
Basic food gathering unit. 3-6 families (50-60 people)
Term
What is the dreaming?
Definition
Ongoing interactions between the spirit and physical world that commenced at the time of creation and continues into the future.
Term
What is a dreaming track?
Definition
'Pathways' or routes along which Ancestral Beings travelled through the landscape
Term
What would Honey Ant Dreaming country mean?
Definition
The country was created by honey ants, you can still see it, still real to them, spirit is still there.
Term
What is meant by my country?
Definition
The land where you were born and/or conceived.
Term
How do Aboriginal people inherit country?
Definition
Father/mother. Grandparents. Extended family. Totemic country. Marriage.
Term
What is conception country?
Definition
Where your mother first felt your existence.
Term
What is meant by the term rights of passage?
Definition
Ceremonies undertaken to gain acceptance into, for example, adulthood.
Term
Name the four cultural elements that Aboriginal society is built upon?
Definition
1. Special relationship with the land
2. Social organization and kinship
3. Ritual and ceremony and the notion of the secret and sacred
4. Aboriginal culture transmission
Term
Aboriginal social organization and kinship are based up 4 principles. What are they?
Definition
1. Egalitarianism
2. Patrilineal and matrilineal decent systems
3. Kinship and its Multi-layered Interrelationship Structure (MIS)
4. Total and totemic attachment to the land
Term
Name some elements in the multi-layered kinship structure used by Aboriginal people
Definition
Tribe. Clan. Moiety (from mother). Phratry (from mother). Section. Skin group. Totem. Conception country.
Term
Describe a basic section system (skin system) that plays a central role in Aboriginal marriage rules.
Definition
A[m] > B[f] = C
C[m] > D[f] = A
A[f] > B[m] = D
Term
What is a totem?
Definition
Plant, mineral, or animal objects that link a person's spiritual beliefs with the environment and forms part of his or her identity.
Term
Approximately, how many Aboriginal languages existed in 1788?
Definition
250 (700 dialects). 300 tribes.
Term
How many Aboriginal people are estimated to have been living in Australia in 1788?
Definition
1-2million
Term
Can Aboriginal artists paint any traditional story they like?
Definition
No, they can only paint stories of his/her Dreaming and stories that belong to their families. (with permission from that family member)
Term
What types of environmental information is represented in desert art?
Definition

  • Dreaming stories
  • Animals and plants
  • Strategies of hunting
  • Religious beings who created the land
  • Presence of invading cultures
  • Extinct animals
  • Special and Sacred sites
  • How the country was formed
  • Geographical information
  • Weapons

Term
Name the type of art that is pecked into rock and carved into trees.
Definition
Petroglyphs (rock) into dendroglyphs (trees)
Term
What is stencilled rock art?
Definition
Engraving, pecking painted art, stencils
Blow the paint across the image, leave a negative by putting your hand on it
Term
What is a more acceptable name for a 'dot' painting?
Definition
Desert or sand painting
Term
How was desert art originally displayed?
Definition
Drawn in the sand and decorated with feathers, blood, ochre, charcoal and clay
Term
What part of Australia would you find X-ray art?
Definition
Northern Territory (Ahrem Land)
Term
Describe cross-hatching used in painting and in which part of Australia would you find it?
Definition
Northern Territory (Ahrem Land)
***
Term
What is cicatrization?
Definition
Ornamental raised body scars. They can be self-inflicted or carried out by others and often depict status or movement through age-grades.
Term
What is tooth avulsion and why is it carried out?
Definition
Ceremonial removal of teeth, usually the upper incisors.
Term
Macrozamia nuts cannot be eaten raw, why?
Definition
Carcinogenic.
Used the leeching process:
Alternatively soaking and burning it
Term
What is a feast and famine diet?
Definition
Eat during the green season when animals and plants are plentiful to bulk up for the dry dead season
Term
Describe a Gwion or Bradshaw figure?
Definition
Found in the Kimberly, big head dresses, highly decorated
Term
What are the traditional colors used in Aboriginal art and what do they signify?
Definition
Red and yellow (from ochre), Black (charcoal), green, and white (china clay)
Red (sun), yellow (land), and black (people) on the flag
Term
Describe the activities of the 'yearly round' or 'walkabout'
Definition
Moving around the territory to perform ceremonies for the spirits, firing the land, teach kids about the country, avoiding over-exploiting the land in one area by eating and gathering food, looking after land and places (sacred & secret)
Term
What is 'fire stick farming'?
Definition
Flush out small game (to make them easier to catch). kept the land clean for spirits, rejuvenates the land for new plants and animals (fertilizer), exposes holes and burrows of animals. New green grass attracts game to come back.
Term
What is spinifex resin used for?
Definition
Used as a glue to mold tools together
Term
What is pituri, where is it found and what was it used for?
Definition
A type of stimulant used while hunting. Grown in a bush. Sometimes put it in waterholes to poison animals (hunting technique). Found through central Australia, especially eastern central (border of NT and QLD)
Term
What items were traded along trading networks?
Definition
Grindstones, baskets, ochre, boomerangs, hammer stones, pituri, nets, furs, bamboo, shells, marriage partners (to exchange genes), ceremonies, stories, dishes, shields, woomera (spear thrower), string, quartz, feather goods, sharp stones (knives, scrapers), mats
Term
What plant was used along the Murray Valley both for food and to make nets?
Definition
Typha
Term
Where did the densest Aboriginal populations live?
Definition
Southeast AU near rivers and coast
Term
Describe some of the surgical practices used by Aboriginal people?
Definition
Fracture repair, amputations
Term
What is 'erekinja' and from what language does this term originate?
Definition
Oranda, people of central AU
Term
What did they use to splint legs?
Definition
Tied animal skins, possums, around the fracture
Term
How many Aboriginal people lived in Tasmania in 1802 and 1947?
Definition
5-10k and 47
Term
How long have foreign fisherman visited the north AU coast, who were they and why did they come here?
Definition
For sea cucumbers. Macasas
Term
When did the two major early smallpox outbreaks occur?
Definition
1789 and 1828
Term
What was the mortality rate among Aboriginal people who contracted smallpox?
Definition
75%
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