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Details

Dosage Forms
Routes of Administration
27
Pharmacology
Professional
12/21/2011

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Cards

Term
Enteral Medications
Definition

Given orally and pass through the GI tract to be absorbed into the bloodstream and metabolized by the liver. This includes oral, naso-gastric, and rectal routes.

Term
Tablets
Definition
To form a Tablet the drug is combined with fillers and is then compressed into a hard pellet. There are various shapes, sizes and colors of tablets.
Term
Tyes of Tablets
Definition

Tablets are available in fast acting, slow release, controlled release, enteric coated, film coated, sublingual, chewable and other formulations. Not all tablets are swallowed. Sublingual (SL) tablets are placed under the tongue, wafers are placed on the tongue and BUCCAL tablets are placed between the cheek and the gum.

Term
Capsule
Definition

To form a Capsule the drug is contained in a cylindrically shaped shell, which breaks open and the drug is released. This includes gelatin capsules. 

Term
Caplet
Definition

A Caplet is an ovel-shaped tablet

Term
Oral Solutions
Definition
The drug is dissolved completely into a liquid form
Term
Oral Suspensions
Definition

The drug is mixed with, but not completely dissolved into a liquid. It needs to be shaken before administration in order to suspend the drug particles evenly.

Term
Syrups
Definition
Contain a high concentration of sucrose or sugar to sweeten, for ease of use.
Term
Elixirs
Definition
Elixirs contain between 5% and 40% alcohol
Term
Tinctures
Definition
May contain as little as 17% alcohol or as much as 80% alcohol
Term
Emulsions
Definition

An Emulsion is a suspension involving one liquid in a second liquid with which the first will not mix (ex. oil in water or water in oil).

Term
Oral Powders
Definition

Drugs which are in a powder form and are usually dissolved in juice or water before administration

Term
Lozenge and Troche
Definition

Lozenges and Troches are meant to be dissolved slowly in the mouth and generally have a local effect.

Term
Rectal Suppositories
Definition

Solid or semi-solid bullet shaped dosage forms. They melt at body temperature, dispersing the medication.

Term
Enemas
Definition
Drug is suspended in a solution and infused into the rectum
Term
Transdermal Patch
Definition

A medicated adhesvie patch applied directly on the skin to deliver a specific dosage of a drug. They have systematic effects and should be rotated to different sites on the body.

Term
Inhalation
Definition

Inhaled through the mouth or nose and usually act directly on the respiratory system before entering into the bloodstream. They are often used to treat respiratory diseases, but gases are inhaled for general anesthisia as well.

Term
Parenteral Medications
Definition

Injected or placed into the body tissues and do not pass through the liver before entering the bloodstream. This can include injections, topical and inhalation routes.

Term
Epidural
Definition
Injected into the dura matter (epidural space) of the spinal cord.
Term
Intravenous
Definition

Injected into the vein. This allows for immediate adsorption. Intravenous includes IV push, IV piggyback and IV infusion or drip.

Term
Intramuscular
Definition
Injected into the muscle.
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
Injected into the fatty layer under the skin.
Term
Intradermal
Definition
Injected into the top layer of the skin at a slight angle.
Term
Intracardiac
Definition
Injected into the heart.
Term
Intraocular
Definition
Injected into the eye
Term
Intrathecal
Definition
Injected into the space surrounding the spinal cord.
Term
Intra-articular
Definition
Injected into the joint.
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